tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48577917296786260372024-02-08T12:50:48.894-08:00Motivation to write a paperMikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.comBlogger193125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-80572458264081749162020-08-26T15:16:00.001-07:002020-08-26T15:16:03.743-07:00Innate Knowledge Locke EssayThe idea that people are brought into the world with an intrinsic thoughts has been a much discussed theme for a long time. It is difficult to state in the event that it is valid or not, however it is accepted valid by numerous individuals, including a few religions. John Locke has a few contentions against intrinsic information; among these, the contention that expresses that on the off chance that we did in actuality have inborn thoughts, at that point everyone would concede to in any event one thought. There are no rules that everyone aggress on. Thusly, intrinsic thoughts can't in any way, shape or form exist. Locke utilizes the rationale of this contention for a few unique circumstances, for example, the contention for moral intrinsic information. Locke begins this contention by saying ââ¬Å"No moral standards so clear thus commonly got as the front referenced theoretical proverbs. In the event that those theoretical adages whereof we talked in the prior part, have not a really all inclusive consent from all humankind, as we there demonstrated it is substantially more noticeable concerning down to earth standards, that they miss the mark regarding an all inclusive gathering; and I figure it will be difficult to occasion any one good guideline which can profess to so broad and prepared a consent as, ââ¬ËWhat is, isââ¬â¢, or to be so show a fact as this, ââ¬ËThat it is inconceivable for something very similar to be and not to be. ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (pg 26 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding) Some individuals accept that each individual has a lot of ethics offered in them during childbirth, yet Locke contends this by saying that few out of every odd individual on the planet concedes to a lot of ethics so there is no conceivable way this could be valid. He says that there is definitely not a solitary good thought that we can say that everyone on the planet consents to, which takes out any inquiry of natural information. Descartes would differ with Locke regarding the matter of inborn thoughts. He felt that we possessed these sorts of thoughts and would most likely answer to Lockeââ¬â¢s contention by saying that albeit all individuals may not concur on one good thought, that doesnââ¬â¢t imply that they don't have any inborn thought, they may have various ones. Descartes may likewise react by saying that itââ¬â¢s Godââ¬â¢s will for us to have these thoughts and just he knows why everyone doesn't concur on a solitary one. This contention wouldnââ¬â¢t hold up well against Lockeââ¬â¢s on the grounds that it appears that ethical thoughts are created relying upon the religion or part of the world that an individual is brought up in. It appears to be significantly more conceivable that, with people at any rate, a newborn child is a clear record and is instructed everything that it should endure. It may be simpler for Descartes to contend against creature natural information since creatures appear to have it substantially more than people do. A few creatures are not raised by a parent, basically conceived and left to battle for themselves, yet since Descartes additionally feels creatures need insight, I would envision he would not start to contend to plausibility of them having any kind of inborn information. On this specific subject, I would side more with Locke than Descartes. Locke tends to some major issues that emerge while proposing that natural thoughts exist. He says that on the off chance that we did in certainty have intrinsic thoughts, at that point everyone would concede to in any event one thought. There are no rules that everyone aggress on. In this way, intrinsic thoughts can't in any way, shape or form exist. This is by all accounts a truly clear articulation on the planet today and since the get-go. Individuals have consistently differ on anything they could and will consistently oppose this idea. It is totally difficult to demonstrate or invalidate the presence of natural thoughts, however Locke comes a lot nearer to discrediting them than any other individual does to demonstrating them. It appears that all together for an individual to demonstrate the presence of these thoughts, they would likewise need to demonstrate the presence of a preeminent being. The contention for inborn information in creatures would be significantly more conceivable than the contention for intrinsic information in people. At the point when a newborn child is conceived, it is totally vulnerable; it doesn't have the ability to walk or comprehend they things around it and it canââ¬â¢t even observe in excess of 12 creeps before its face. I think that its difficult to accept that anything this powerless could conceivable have any thoughts regarding ethics or whatever else on the planet. Creatures have a feeling of endurance that people need. From the second they are conceived, a greater part of them figure out how to stroll in no time or hours, and some are even left by their folks to fight for themselves. This shows the chance of natural information substantially more than a human kid and in the event that we are completely brought into the world with a concurrence on a set or good standards, for what reason do we have a law we need to uphold? On the off chance that we agreed regarding this matter, we would not need to indict anyone for breaking any ethical code that our general public sets for us to follow. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-88396129185941350052020-08-22T08:37:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:37:13.768-07:00Business and Management for Engineers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsBusiness and Management for Engineers - Essay Example Its administration stays in charge during the time of Chapter 11 however interestingly, it gives the organization ââ¬Å"automatic stayâ⬠and ââ¬Å"breathing roomâ⬠to take care of its business by not permitting gatherings to make lawful move or remove its benefits (http://www.gmreinvention.com). General Motors was initially established on September 16, 1908 as a holding organization for Buick by two accomplices, William C. Durant and Charles S. Mott. After two years or around 1910, Durant lost control of General Motors as a result of a default in its bank credit commitments. Be that as it may, he had the option to recover control through an intermediary war he pursued by utilizing the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to obtain shares furtively yet then he lost control again when the vehicle showcase fallen during the Great Depression. General Motors Corporation was a piece of the alleged three commanders in American business â⬠the other two being General Electric and General Mills. Long periods of botch and a bureaucratic corporate culture prompted its breakdown in the last budgetary emergency and is currently claimed by the US government through its Treasury Department under the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP); it was surpassed by Toyota a year ago. After its rebuilding under Chapter 11 standards, it is currently a constrained risk organization. It implies being a LLC, it gives restricted obligation to its proprietors which are the US government and to a lesser degree, likewise the Canadian government. Other present proprietors incorporate the United Auto Workers Union Employee Association and different bondholders of Motors Liquidation Corporation (the new name of General Motors while it is experiencing recovery at present) while the past investors of the organization are currently holding useless bits of paper as organization liabilities are a lot more noteworthy than its all out resources (a negative total assets of $86 billion). Prior to the rebuilding, it was a Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-81865229037086508712020-08-21T01:58:00.001-07:002020-08-21T01:58:02.915-07:00The Recovery Model in Mental Health CareThe Recovery Model in Mental Health Care Psychotherapy Print The Recovery Model By Sarah Lyon, OTR/L twitter linkedin Sarah Lyon, OTR/L, is a board-certified occupational therapist and founder of OT Potential. Learn about our editorial policy Sarah Lyon, OTR/L Medically reviewed by Updated on February 20, 2020 Tom Merton/Getty Images More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy The recovery model is a holistic, person-centered approach to mental health care. The model has quickly gained momentum over the past decade and is becoming the standard model of mental health care.?? This model is based on two simple premises: It is possible to recover from a mental health conditionThe most effective recovery is patient-directed If youâre receiving mental health services or have a loved one with a mental health condition, knowing the basic tenants of this model can help you advocate for the best care. The framework can give you language to use that will resonate with caregivers when describing gaps in your service. Your input may be invaluable in helping mental health care providers shift toward the values outlined by this model. Recovery Is Possible As the name of the model implies, the hallmark principle is the belief that people can recover from mental illness to lead full, satisfying lives. Until the mid-seventies, many practitioners believed that patients with mental health conditions were doomed to live with their illness and would not be able to contribute to society, particularly, those individuals with schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder, and bipolar disorder. However, several long-term studies, from several countries came out in the mid-seventies showing this to be false.?? Change Has Been Grassroots Often sound evidence is not enough to change systems. It took two decades for this basic belief to gain traction in the medical community. The change came about largely through patients self-advocating for their involvement in treatment. As well as showing through lived experience that, given the proper supports, they could live active lives in the community. The history of the movement reflects another basic tenant of the recovery model; the most lasting change happens when the patient directs it. Characteristics of the Recovery Model The model takes a holistic view of a personâs life. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrations (SAMHSA) working definition of recovery from mental disorders and/or substance use disorders states that recovery is a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential.?? SAMHSA has outlined four dimensions to consider when supporting someone in recovery: Health: In order to manage or recovery from mental illness, people must make choices that support both their physical and mental well-being.Home: People need a safe and supportive home environment.Purpose: Having meaningful daily routines such as school, work, family, and community participation are important during the recovery process and for maintaining wellness.Community: Supportive social relationships provide people with the love, emotional availability, and respect that they need to survive and thrive. Principles of Treatment SAMHSA also defines ten guiding principles which recovery treatment is based on. Every institution that operates according to the recovery model should be striving to incorporate these into their care.According to these principles, recovery:Emerges from hope Is person-driven Occurs through many pathways Is Holistic Is supported by peers and allies Is supported through relationship and social networks Is culturally-based and influenced Is supported by addressing trauma Involves individual, family, and community strengths and responsibility Is based on respect In particular, the recovery model stresses the importance of connectedness and social supports. When people have supportive relationships that offer unconditional love, they are better able to cope with the symptoms of their illness and work toward recovery. Psychologists, psychiatrists, doctors, and other health professionals can provide such support to a certain degree, but other connections offered by friends, family, and other peers are also critical. Support groups and community organizations can help fulfill this need as well. The National Push for Recovery By 2003, the individuals who had been advocating for recovery-based care found their work paying off. A mental health commission, ordered by George W. Bush, gave the final report of its work and made recovery-based care a national priority. The vision set forth in this final report was ambitious, possible, and worth repeating. The report envisioned a future that focused on the prevention, early detection, and cure of mental illness.?? Over a decade later, the concept of the recovery model is familiar to most mental health practitioners. But individuals are still working out how to design programs and treatments based on these principles. Recovery Model vs. the Medical Model The recovery model of mental illness is often contrasted against what is known as the medical model. The medical model posits that mental disorders have physiological causes, so the focus on treatment is often on the use of medications. While the two models are often presented as being in opposition to one another, researchers have suggested that the two are complementary and can be used together during the treatment process. The medical model ensures that biological causes are fully addressed and that people receive the medication-based treatments that they need, while the recovery model ensures that patients are able to be directly involved in their own treatment. The medical model is rooted in utilizing treatments that are based on empirical research, but the recovery model offers the personal empowerment and peer support that people need to cope with their illness and work toward getting better. One of the major strengths of the recovery model is that it focuses on individual strengths and abilities rather than on deficits and pathologies. It places trust in the individual to know their own experience and to be able to take an active role in their treatment. A number of programs, including the Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP) and the NAMI Family-to-Family program, incorporate both medical and recovery models and have research backing their effectiveness. Further Reading For an in-depth look at the recovery movement, the American Psychological Association has 15 learning modules that are accessible to the public. The topics range from a broad overview of the recovery model to ways it is being implemented in practice. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-4444200098550929332020-05-24T14:50:00.001-07:002020-05-24T14:50:04.292-07:00Synthesis of Co(Acac)3 - 1077 Words Amanda Tran Date of lab: 04/25/05 Date submitted: 05/09/05 Chem 2130-3 Experiment 3: Synthesis of Co(acac-NO2)3 Introduction In this lab, Co(acacà ·NO2)3 is synthesized using the Co(acac)3 complex produced in Experiment 2. The Co(acac)3 complex is used as a reagent instead of acacH because acacH cannot be directly converted to 3-nitroacetylacetone. Since Co(acac)3 is not stable in HNO3, Cu(NO3)2 and acetic anhydride are used in this reaction to produce the final product, Co(acacà ·NO2)3. The exact mechanism of the reaction is unknown, however, it is believed to proceed as follows: 1) [pic] 2) [pic] Data and Calculations Table 1: Measurements of weights and melting point |â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¢ Theoretical Yield [pic] â⬠¢ Percent Yield [pic] Results 1.3002 g finely ground copper nitrate trihydrate, 20 mL acetic anhydride, and 0.4998 g Co(acac)3 was mixed in a flask, producing a dark green, translucent solution. Transferring this solution to ice water and sodium acetate caused a black-green oil to form in the solution. Addition of ethanol solidified the oil to form a dark green powder/paste. 0.3510 grams of product with a melting point of 182-187à °C was synthesized in this experiment. 1) In order for all the nitrogen in Cu(NO3)2à ·3H2O to be incorporated into Co(acac)3, a stoichiometric ratio of 2/3 moles Co(acac)3 to 1 mole Cu(NO3)2à ·3H2O would be required. The actual mole ratio used in the experiment was 0.26 moles Co(acac)3 to 1 mole Cu(NO3)2à ·3H2O, thus, the amount of product was limited by Co(acac)3. This ratio was used because balancing the equations (see Data Calculations above) showed that 1 mole Cu(NO3)2à ·3H2O produced 2 moles C2H3O2NO2, and that 3 moles C2H3O2NO2 react with 1 mole Co(acac)3. Since there were only 2 moles of C2H3O2NO2 were available, all reactants and products in the second equation were multiplied by 2/3 to obtain 2 moles of C2H3O2NO2. Less than 2/3 moles Co(acac)3 was used in the experiment because not all the nitrogen in Cu(NO3)2à ·3H2O can react and be incorporated into Co(acac)3. 2) Co(acac)3 + 3 C2H3O2NO2 ( Co(acac-NO2)3 + 3 C2H3O2 Since only 2 moles of C2H3O2NO2Show MoreRelatedSynthesis of Co(Acac)31062 Words à |à 5 Pagessubmitted: 05/09/05 Chem 2130-3 Experiment 3: Synthesis of Co(acac-NO2)3 Introduction In this lab, Co(acacà ·NO2)3 is synthesized using the Co(acac)3 complex produced in Experiment 2. The Co(acac)3 complex is used as a reagent instead of acacH because acacH cannot be directly converted to 3-nitroacetylacetone. Since Co(acac)3 is not stable in HNO3, Cu(NO3)2 and acetic anhydride are used in this reaction to produce the final product, Co(acacà ·NO2)3. The exact mechanism of theRead MorePreparation of Bis Acetylacetonao Copper 21382 Words à |à 6 Pagesnumber of other molecules or ions surrounding it. These can be considered to be attached to the central ion by co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonds. The molecules or ions surrounding the central metal ion are called ligands. Simple ligands include water, ammonia, acetyl acetone and chloride ions. Ligand has active lone pairs of electrons in the outer energy level. These are used to form co-ordinate bonds with the metal ion. All ligands are lone pair donors. In other words, all ligands function as LewisRead MoreApplication Of Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites1720 Words à |à 7 Pagesdue to their superparamagnetic properties, high biocompatibility, and lack of toxicity to humans. For biomedical applications, some of their uses include both diagnostic and therapeutic in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [1, 2], drug delivery agents [3, 4], and as heat mediators in hyperthermia cancer treatment [5, 6]. Unmodified iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have high surface/volume ratio, which cause magnetic dipole-dipole attractions that result in the formation of aggregates. The aggregation Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-11462244151257486592020-05-13T21:06:00.001-07:002020-05-13T21:06:03.151-07:00Transgender and Psychological/social Gender Identity Transsexualism [pic] People with gender identity disorder should change their sexual identity and live among us as the opposite sex as long as they acknowledge and reveal themselves as ââ¬Å"transsexualsâ⬠. Now, let me define what is known as ââ¬Å"gender identity disorderâ⬠; it is commonly referred to as ââ¬Å"transsexualismâ⬠which is a condition where a transsexual person self-identifies as a member of the gender opposite to the one assigned to them at birth. Transsexualism is considered a taboo subject in many parts of theworld. Y, u might ask? Well, simply because it is perceived as being supported by religious beliefs or cultural norms.And though it has become widely known in Western nations in the late 20th century due to the sexualâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Theyââ¬â¢ve made the physical alteration seeing as they had developed the characteristics of the opposite sex in terms of behavior, clothing, thoughts, perspectives, way of life as a whole. To be more specific and clarified about this point, a person who went through the physical alteration and became a woman wrote a booklet on the subject seeing as she had personal experience; in this booklet she says and I quote: ââ¬Å"I am a woman who, probably due to some endocrine malfunction before birth, was born with male genitals. Since our society assumes that gender and sex always correspond, I was wrongly assigned to the gender pigeon-hole called male by a doctor who looked at my genitals instead of my mind. Throughout my childhood I knew perfectly well that I was really a girl (after all, its my mind, not my genitals, that make me the person that I am), but because my body seemed to insist otherwise, I was forced to try to fit in to the gender role of a boy. This produced intense unhappiness and almost totally ruined my life until I accepted the reality of my situation and underwent gender reassignment as anShow MoreRelatedGender Identity And The Transgender Orientation138 6 Words à |à 6 Pagesbehaviors develop in later years. These roles are largely based on social experiences and inner feelings. Generally, the behaviors are consistent with the gender assigned at birth, however; there are some children who are cross-gendered and show behaviors that are opposite to the sex assigned to them at birth (Pardo, 2008). Most of the transgender people identify their gender identity during adolescence, research studies suggest that transgender males and females go through a process of dissonance, explorationRead MoreGender Identification : An Exploration Of The Transgender Group1625 Words à |à 7 PagesGender Identification: An Exploration of the Transgender Group and Their Relationship in Society Gender identification and expression of transgender individuals has become controversial in America because of lack of knowledge and societal acculturation of this group. As society continues to connect gender identity with sexual identity, those who identify as transgender are forced to conform to the cultural norms of society or choose not to openly portray their gender expression. Although the mediaRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Transgender Community1600 Words à |à 7 Pagesexpress themselves, etc. Dalton Conley explains that gender ââ¬Å"[Is] a collectively defined guidebook that humans use to make distinctions among themselves, to separate one being from another, and to comprehend an otherwise fuzzy mass of individuals.â⬠(279) However, when this ââ¬Å"collectively defined guidebookâ⬠is mildly altered, many individuals are confused and respond negatively towards these changes. Transgenders are individuals who identify with a gender that does not correspond with their sex, and soRead MoreThe Concept of Gender and Gender Identity1223 Words à |à 5 Pages I am interested in the concept of gender and the deeper meaning of being considered a transgendered person. I feel that a lot of people do not know or care to know about these topics on a more in depth level. People who close their eyes to the idea that a person could be born with the physical aspects of a male yet have the psychological aspects of a female and vice versa, tend to be the ones who say that those people are going against nature or god. Discriminating against people on the principlesRead MoreAge Groups And The Lifecycle1432 Words à |à 6 PagesChildren (Ages 3-12). Gender labels are placed on children prior to and after birth as we are taught about gender binary in an ââ¬Å"either/orâ⬠fashion (Janssen Erickson-Schroth, 2013) during early years of development. For example, the newborn is either a boy or a girl and this predisposes children to gender specific ideologies. Gender revealing parties and baby showers are notorious for continuing traditional societal viewpoints of binary assumptions ââ¬â girl or boy. Gender roles are established atRead MoreTransgender1370 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿ Transgender/Transsexual Olivia Warehime Tarleton State University ABSTRACT A transgender is someone that believes that their gender does not match their anatomy that they were born with. Transgender believes that theyââ¬â¢re in someone elseââ¬â¢s body. For example someone that was born a male believes heââ¬â¢s a female and vice versa. Keyword: heterosexism, LGBT, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Prevention Why are people transgender? ACN, S. (2011, February 27). Health experts believe that beingRead MoreA Research Study On Transgender Orientation1661 Words à |à 7 Pagesterminology throughout gender is constantly evolving as is the understanding of the growing issues and therefore is inconsistent throughout the literature. Transgender may refer to people who embrace a different gender identity on a full time basis to that appointed at birth, which may be ambiguous or gender specific, but without any medical intervention. Transsexual is often used to differentiate those who have taken medical intervention to live full time in the fixed gender different to that assignedRead MoreThe Psychological Factors Of The Bathroom Bill1279 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Psychological Factors of the ââ¬Å"Bathroom Billâ⬠Next month will make a year that everyone has kept their eye out on North Carolina due to the House Bill 2, also known as the ââ¬Å"bathroom bill,â⬠they passed March 23rd of 2016. The particular bill requires transgender people to use the restroom of the gender assigned to them at birth. It also ââ¬Å"banned any minimum-wage increases or anti-discrimination statutes local governments might passâ⬠(McCLELLAND 40). Not only did this aggravate the LGBT communityRead MoreIn This Paper, I Will Discuss Transgender Children, Specifically1041 Words à |à 5 PagesIn this paper, I will discuss transgender children, specifically contextual variables that impact psychological adjustment. Define stress, stressors, and coping strategies, and contemplate their relationship to health and wellness of these. Identify and describe social psychological phenomena. Describe relationships, lifestyles, and issues of parenting and longevity. Identify gender differences and explore gender role stereotypes. Examine evidence-based strategies from each of the selected articlesRead MoreAs Times Are Modernizing The Ideology That One Must Be1369 Words à |à 6 Pages1999 there were very few H.R. transgender policies provided by US employers. As the years have gone by and almost twenty years later more and more Human Resource policies are being adopted and implemented in defense of not only those who in the lesbian or gay community, but for those with gender identity and/or expression that differs from that of an individualââ¬â¢s birth-specifically transgender to fight against discrimination and inequality in the workplace. Transgender issues are particularly important Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-73483123354626761082020-05-06T14:17:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:17:52.824-07:00Low Carbon Emission Family Hatchback Development Engineering Essay Free Essays string(24) " 180 50 to 120 Table 2\." In this quickly developing universe, the chief menace that is being faced is on fossil fuel. As every twelvemonth base on balls by, the sum of fuels used are traveling up the grade of the old old ages. If this rate keeps increasing, the dodo fuels will be wholly depleted to a province that these fossil fuels will merely be known in names and due to the increased usage of these fuels have led to the all sorts of pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Low Carbon Emission Family Hatchback Development Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the recent survey, it was proved that automotive Fieldss are one with the greater ingestion and fouling rate compared to other Fieldss utilizing fossil fuels. And, one of those pollution jeopardies is addition in C footmark, which is the entire sum nursery gases produced. In order to confront the approaching menace, a new construct has been developed which would cut down the ingestion of fossil fuels and pollution jeopardies. A construct of an electric auto with lower limit or zero emanation and eco friendly characteristics accommodating to the nature protection is to be developed. 1.0 Purposes: To develop, a construct on a household hatch back vehicle with low C emanation which is powered by electricity and designed for an urban thrust rhythm with aid of quality map deployment ( QFD ) 1.1 Aim: To make proficient research in order to go cognizant of current developments in the market ; To fix a specification for a low C vehicle ; To develop several constructs ; To choose one construct utilizing QFD ; To fix a Gantt chart for the construct development stage of the undertaking. 1.3 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE VEHICLE: Table 1.3.1 is the Final specification of the LCV. Further study will explicate how these specifications were finalised. Length 3650mm Width 1550mm Height 1450mm Wheelbase 2650mm Minimum land clearance 170mm Seating capacity 5 people Kerb weight 1200kg Max loaded weight 1550kg Battery Lithium ion, 1000 rhythms Rated power 80kW Maximum torsion 448Nm Scope 120 stat mis minimum under normal urban conditions Human body frame Aluminium honey comb 1.0 Conceptual Approach: QFD for Electric Vehicle: Table 1.1.1 is the QFD of the whole vehicle. The relation between Controllable parametric quantities and Customers A ; Stake holders demands has be rated consequently, where 9-strongest, 3-moderate, 1-weak, and 0-no relation. This gives an thought on which governable parametric quantity we will hold to work more. The parametric quantities Battery ( 342 ) , Energy Storage Capacity ( 268 ) , Drive Motor ( 231 ) , Wear Resistance ( 239 ) , Price ( 303 ) shows maximal absolute importance, hence, choice process will be carried on, while giving maximal precedence to these parametric quantities. 1.2 Fish Bone: The Fish Bone diagram shows a mode in which over aims will be achieved. Gantt chart of Concept Phase: Practically talking, Concept stage may take 2 to 3 old ages to finish. Chart 1.2.1 is our basic Concept Phase Gantt Chart demoing how a construct of a undertaking is developed ; if we were suppose to make a existent paradigm. 1.4 Gantt chart of the Group Time Plan: Chart 1.4.1 shows clip planning of the group to execute different undertakings by group members. Therefore, from the Gantt chart now we know that which undertakings are over lapping the other undertakings ( blue in coloring material ) , and which undertakings start at the terminal of peculiar undertakings ( ruddy in coloring material ) . 2.0 Batteries: Batteries are one of the most of import things, when it comes to an electric vehicle, as they are merely beginning of energy. Hence, choice of proper batteries plays an of import function for the operation of all the systems in an electric vehicle. This subdivision will cover some thoughts, which were used for choice of our batteries. 2.1 Selection Procedure: Basic thing to get down with was to look into the demands, harmonizing to the market needs. Table 2.1.1 shows demands of EV batteries depending on different features and parametric quantities, adopted by USABC ( United States Advanced Battery Consortium ) . Battery Requirements as per USABC: Table 2.1.1 ( Anderman, Fritz, A ; MacArthur, 2000 ) In our instance we will be sing demands related to long term. Further choice process will be more or less based on these demands. 2.2 Available Electric Vehicle Batteries: A. Nickel Metal Hydride: Nickel Metal Hydride batteries passed assorted bench trials and were best among other campaigners for electric vehicle batteries. They were about capable of giving a calendar life of about 10 old ages. But disadvantages of utilizing Nickel Metal Hydride was that they are holding really low specific energy 60 to 80Wh/kg and therefore a lower scope for the vehicle to run in individual charge. For acquiring higher driving range the size of the batteries will hold to be increased and finally the weight besides increases. B. Lithium ion: And where the Nickel Metal Hydride batteries were neglecting Lithium ion passed, hence they were with every good belongingss of Nickel Metal Hydride and some more advantages. Lithium ion became more suited option to be used for electric vehicle batteries and as they have specific energy runing up to 450Wh/kg and better specific power. Most of the present and approaching electric vehicles are utilizing Lithium ion engineering. C. Lithium Polymer: Lithium polymer shows the potency of being cheaper than Lithium ion and Nickel Metal Hydrides batteries as cost of active stuffs is low in its instance. Besides holding higher specific energy about 650Wh/kg. But, still the procedure of fabricating these batteries is really complicated along with high cost electrolyte. Besides the working temperatures of these batteries restrict them from being a better option ( Delucchi A ; Lipman, 2001 ) . Hence, the most executable option is the Lithium ion ( Table 2.2.1 ) . Features Nickel Metal Hydride Lithium Ion Lithium Polymer Specific Energy ( Wh/kg ) 60 to 80 150 to 450 Up to 650 Specific Power ( W/kg ) 150 to 200 150 to 800 300 Cycles ( 100 % DoD to 80 % of initial capacity ) 600 600 to 1000 200 to 600 Nominal Capacity ( Ah ) 90 100 to 180 50 to 120 Table 2.2.1 Characteristics Table ( Anderman, Fritz, A ; MacArthur, 2000 ) 2.3 Selected Lithium Ion: QFD chart for batteries: Chart 2.3.1 Battery QFD Our battery Requirements and QFD chart gives a clear thought that Lithium ion battery is better than Nickel metal Hydride and Lithium polymer. Besides, from the QFD chart it is really much clear that, Battery Size ( 291 ) , Product Life ( 156 ) , Price ( 116 ) , Durability ( 115 ) , and Charging Speed ( 105 ) , have maximum absolute importance and comparative importance. Hence, for make up oneââ¬â¢s minding the concluding specifications of the batteries these parametric quantities will be given more importance as compared to others. 2.4 Trade Offs Among Different Lithium Ion Battery Technologies: Lithium ion itself has many different types of discrepancies or different battery engineerings in it, therefore, farther attack is working on more specific restraints of the batteries. Table 2.4.1 ( Dinger A ; Martin, 2010 ) Safety: Most of import factor for EV batteries is the safety. Chemical reactions taking topographic point inside the batteries, while they are working or because of soaking consequences in high temperatures, which may ensue in fire. Table 2.4.1 shows, Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium ( NCA ) has least safety features, whereas Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt ( NMC ) and Lithium Manganese Spinel ( LMO ) have moderate safety features and, Lithium Titanate ( LTO ) and Lithium Iron Phosphate ( LFP ) have highest safety characters. Life Span: Life span can be considered in two ways one figure of times batteries being to the full charged and dispatch boulder clay it is degraded to 80 % of its to the full charged original capacity and 2nd figure of old ages battery can be used. Performance: Performance in instance of battery is fundamentally how good the battery will execute in different climatic conditions. Specific Energy: Specific Energy is capacity for hive awaying energy per kg of weight. Gasoline has about 100 times more than that of the batteries. Hence, specific energy can besides be make up oneââ¬â¢s minding factor for size and weight of the batteries. Higher specific energy can ensue in low weight and smaller size of the batteries. Specific Power: Specific Power is the sum of power delivered per kg of mass. Specific is less of import as compared to specific energy in electric vehicles. Cost: As for now, the Li ion battery packs has cost estimations is between ?700 to ?850 per KWh, but with addition in technological development and competition among different makers, the fabrication costs of the batteries may diminish. The mark shown by USABC is ?250 per KWh by 2020, but someway Nissan is already claiming of supplying battery battalions at same figures with Nissan Leaf. So cost factor is likely to toss off really shortly. Which is better? LTO and LFP do hold really less safety jobs, but when it comes to specific energy they fall behind. And NCA is cost effectual, with higher specific energy, specific power and life span, but lags really much behind in safety. LMO has all the factors average every bit compared to others and short life span. Therefore, sing the demands ( Table 2.1.1 ) , Characteristics Table ( Table 2.2.1 ) , QFD ( chart 2.3.1 ) and all the factors, NMC is the most suited Lithium ion battery engineering. They have moderate safety characteristics, but this can be overcome by utilizing proper battery shell, chilling system and temperature monitoring devices, in sensible cost scope ( Anderman, Fritz, A ; MacArthur, 2000 ) ( Dinger A ; Martin, 2010 ) ( Delucchi A ; Lipman, 2001 ) . 2.5 Battery Manufacturers: Before specifying our concluding battery specifications looking for Battery makers and battery constellations these makers have, is a good thought. Industries have their ain R A ; D sectors, and they welcome the demands of the client. Below are some makers who can supply us with Lithium-ion batteries for our Electric Vehicle. China: J A ; A EEMB LT Energy Japan: Automotive Energy Supply Corporation GS Yuasa Corporation ( Momentum Technologies LLC, 1995-2010 ) 2.6 Battery Specifications: Our choice process therefore, leads us to battery specifications which will carry through our demands. Table 2.6.1 shows our approximative battery specifications. This may alter in footings of size, weight and cost, or even chemical belongingss depending on the makers. Specific Energy 200Wh/kg Specific Power 550Wh/kg Cycles 1000 Rated Capacity 100-180 Ah Nominal Voltage 3.7 V Charging Time 3 to 6 hours and 30 mins for rapid bear downing Weight 90x67x220 ( millimeter ) Dimension 150kg approx Cost 250 to ?300 per kWh / ?7500 to ?9000 per battery battalion 2.7 High Voltage Electrical Distribution System: Electrical Loads in an car can split into two classs ââ¬â propulsion and non-propulsion. Propulsion burden chiefly consists of motor and/or generator and Non-propulsion tonss include warmers, lamps, power Windowss etc. Maximal power is required for the propulsion loads which can be up to 100KW. Table 2.7.1 gives an approximative thought for power distribution in our instance. Components Power Input ( kilowatt ) Electric Motor 80 HVAC 8 Non-propulsion tonss 3 Entire 91 Table 2.7.1 ( Automotive Handbook, 2007 ) The electric vehicle has power coachs at different electromotive forces runing from lower to higher values and can be every bit high as 300 Vs. Hence, proper power direction and distribution system will be adopted in order to run into the demands of our vehicle constituents ( Fig 2.7.2 ) . Generic Automotive Power/Energy Management and Distribution system ( Shen, Masrur, Garg, A ; Monroe, 2003 ) 3.0 MOTORS AND POWER ELECTRONICS 3.1 Working rule of motors ( Leitman A ; Brant, 2009 ) : When electric potency is applied, the twists generate the magnetic Fieldss which cause the armature to revolve and thereby, generate power. The efficiency of the electric motor ranges from 85 to 98 % . 3.2 Present twenty-four hours EV ââ¬Ës: Electron volt Type OF MOTOR RATED POWER RATED TORQUE Nissan foliage AC lasting magnet synchronal motor 80 kilowatt 280Nm Mitsubishi iMiev AC lasting magnet synchronal motor 47kW 180Nm Subaru Stella AC lasting magnet synchronal motor 47kW 185Nm Thinkcity 3-phase asynchronous 34kW 140Nm 3.3 Propulsion system design ( Larminie A ; John, 2003 ) : Constraints Variables Maximum speed Rolling opposition Maximal per centum class Aerodynamic drag co-efficient Initial acceleration Wheel radius Rated speed on a given incline Vehicle mass Maximum gradability Percentage class 3.4 Advantages of electric motors over IC engines: Full torsion at low velocities Instantaneous power evaluation is about 2 to 3 times the rated power of motor Excellent acceleration with a nominally rated motor 3.5 Types of motors ( Larminie A ; John, 2003 ) : Motors are fundamentally categorized into DC motors and AC motors. 3.51 DC motors: Extensively used boulder clay 1990 ââ¬Ës Has 2 sets of windings- stator and rotor The torsion is maintained by commutator coppices Weaving in the rotor is called armature and twist in stator is called field twist Advantages: Ease of control due to one-dimensionality Capability for independent torsion and flux control Established fabrication engineering Disadvantages: Brush wear that leads to high care Low upper limits velocity EMI due to commutator action Low power to burden ratio Low efficiency Larger size 3.52 AC motors: Armature circuit is on stator which eliminates the demand for commutator and coppices Types: Synchronous ââ¬â lasting magnet type, electromagnet type Asynchronous ââ¬â squirrel coop, lesion rotor. 3.53 Permanent magnet type AC motors ( Hussain, 2003 ) : They use magnets to bring forth air-gap magnetic flux alternatively of field spirals. Types: Permanent magnet synchronal motors Sinusoidal brushless DC motor Trapezoidal or square moving ridge motor Advantages: Supply a loss-free excitement in a compact manner without complications of connexions to the external stationary electric circuits High power to burden ratio High torsion to inertia ratio Excellent field weakening features Disadvantages: Not economical Sensitive to temperature and lade fluctuations 3.54 Switched reluctance motors: Doubly salient, singly aroused reluctance motor with independent stage twists on the stator. Generally stator and rotor are magnetic steel laminations with rotor holding no magnets or twists. Advantages: Simple and low cost machine building Wider changeless power part Bidirectional currents are non necessary, therefore lesser figure of power switches Most of the losingss appear in stator, which is easier to chill High torsion to inertia ratio Torque-speed features of the motor can be tailored as per demand Maximum allowable rotor temperature is high Disadvantages: Torque rippling and accoustic noise observed Particular convertor and higher terminal connexions required, therefore non economical. 3.55 Choice: Torsion to inertia ratio Power to burden ratio Field weakening Torque rippling Acoustic noise Peak torsion efficiency Monetary value and care cost I? motor definition standard DC motors 6 3 3 6 3 6 3 9 39 PM Synchronous motors 9 9 9 9 6 9 Hence it is better to integrate PM synchronal motor or Switched reluctance motor in the electric auto. After mentioning the above chart, its apparent that PM synchronal AC motors are more suited for moderate power demands. 3.6 Power electronics in electric auto ( Hussain, 2003 ) : Electric motor thrust converts stiff DC battery electromotive force to DC/ AC electromotive force with a RMS value and frequence that can be adjusted harmonizing to the control bid. Electric motor thrust: Its typically is a combination of, POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTER + ASSOCIATED CONTROLLER Power electronic accountant: It is made up of solid province devices and grips flow of bulk power from the beginning to motor input terminuss. It functions as ON/OFF switch to change over fixed supply electromotive force into variable electromotive force and variable frequence supply. They constitute of high-power and rapid response semiconducting material devices. Drive accountant: It accepts bid and feedback signals, processes it and generates gate exchanging signals for the power devices of the convertor. It is made up of microprocessors and digital signal processors. Figure: Block diagram of motor thrust ( Hussain, 2003 ) Figure: DC-DC and DC-AC convertors ( Hussain, 2003 ) 3.61 Power electronic switches ( Hussain, 2003 ) : BJT: Bi-polar junction transistors have better power evaluations and first-class conduction, but their thrust circuit is complicated as they are current-driven. MOSFET: Metal oxide semiconducting material field consequence transistor has simpler drive circuits and higher shift frequence, but their upper limit available power evaluations are lesser than BJT. IGBT: Insulated gate bipolar transistor incorporates the advantaged of both BJT and MOSFET and are extensively used in modern twenty-four hours electric autos. SCR: Silicon controlled thyristor have higher power evaluations but requires a commuting circuit to exchange them Off. GTO: Gate turn-off SCR is a type of jury-rigged SCR that can be switched off through a gate signal but their current ingestion is typically 4 to 5 times the current required to exchange them on. MCT: MOS controlled thyristor combines the conductivity features of SCR and gating features of MOSFET. Diodes: They are two-terminal semiconducting material devices and are used in concurrence with other accountant devices. Their map is to barricade the contrary electromotive force flow and supply current way for inductive circuits. 3.7 A typical PM synchronal motor thrust construction: ( Hussain, 2003 ) LIGHT WEIGHT STRUCTURES 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO STEELS Sheet steel has remained the chief stuff used for the building of the organic structure of a motor vehicle of all time since mass production began earlier this century. Steel is comparatively is inexpensive and can be economically formed to do parts with complicated forms and has a high grade of rigidness, higher clang impact opposition and high elastic modulus. In the recent yearss, aluminum metals have been extensively used for car constituents. The metal has aluminium as base metal with hints of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, manganese, Si, Ti and Zn added to it. The proportions are differed harmonizing to the demand of the terminal merchandise and these metals are about replacing the steels in car sector. The indispensable factors behind this development have been the demands to cut down fuel ingestion by cut downing the weight of auto and increased rider safety ( C.Dasarathy, 2010 ) . 4.2 STEEL USED IN AUTOMOBILEAà Aà Aà As sheet As forged subdivisions As wire merchandises Hot rolled sheet t=1.5-7.00mm for organic structure panels, closings, biw parts, sumps, fuel armored combat vehicles, fumes parts. Crank shafts, linking roads, axle parts, tie rods, valves. For tyre support, springs, etc For organic structure, under organic structure structural parts cold rolled -annealed -coated sheet=0.5-1.5mm 4.3 ALUMINIUM Aluminum is a metallic component, and its construction is similar to most other metals. It is ductile and malleable due to its polycrystalline construction. Aluminum is made of grains which interlock when the metal is cooled from molten. Each grain comprises of rows of atoms in ordered lattice agreement, giving each grain an isotropic construction. Although the different grains are slightly indiscriminately arranged with in grain boundaries organizing during the chilling procedure, the atoms within each crystal are usually aligned which makes the metal isotropic, like the single grains. ( Sam Davyson ) 4.4 ALLOYING ADDITIONS FOR AUTOMOBILES A little measure of other elements added to aluminium in order to modify its basic belongingss. They are chromium, Cu, Fe, Mg, manganese, Si, Ti and Zn. These elements can be grouped into those with high solid solubility and those with low solid solubility. 4.5 PROPERTIES SPECIAL STEEL A ; ALUMINIUM ALLOYS Properties Particular steel Aluminium metal Weight A ; denseness Heavier in weight with denseness of 7.85gm/cu.cm Lighter in weight with denseness approx 1/3rdof that of steel. The denseness is about 2.72gm/cu.cm Elastic modulus A ; flexing specific stiffness Elastic modulus of 210 Gpa longitudinal i.e. immature ââ¬Ës modulus which 3times more than that of aluminum. But flexing stiffness is more than aluminum which provide more advantage for utilizing in constructions like forepart clang tracks, b-pillars etc. Elastic modulus of 70 Gpa. It has got shock soaking up inclination so largely used in car bumpers. It is used as outer tegument surface in car it has greater specific bending stiffness for level merchandises. Thermal conduction Less thermic conductive than aluminum 3 times more thermic conductive than steel doing it a pick in heat exchange applications. Fatigue Fatigue public presentation of steel is more than twice that of aluminum. Steels such as DUAL PHASE 600 AND TRIP 600 have endurance bounds of 307 Mpa A ; 336 Mpa severally. Structural aluminum class of 5XXX series does non make an endurance bound and go on degrading at higher rhythms. Aluminium grade 5052-0 ranges 124 Mpa at 500 million rhythms. Formability High formable scope than aluminum doing it suited for vehicles titling and overall fabrication hardiness. Formability is about 2/3rdof that of steel. Electrical conduction Nowhere near aluminium electrical music director in power transmittal. High electrical conduction for usage as lines, transformers, coach bars etc. Coefficient of reflection Lesser reflective than aluminum. Excellent reflector of radiant energy throughout full scope of wave lengths. Light reflecting capacity of over 80 % doing it suited for light fixtures. In roofing, it reflect high sum of Sun heat advancing cool inside ambiance in summer. Non-magnetism Steels in general are magnetic. Austenitic chromium steel steels are non magnetic with AISI 304LN, 316LN some steel classs possessing really low magnetic permeableness for usage in constructions near to sensitive electronic devices or medical equipment. It is extremely nonmagnetic and therefore happening extended usage for electrical shielding such as coach saloon, magnetic compass lodgings, computing machine phonograph record fabrication, parabolic aerial etc. High temperature opposition Steels like T-11, T-22, martens tic chromium steel and austenitic chromium steel steel like AISI 310 are extremely creep resistant with ability to defy distortion at high temperatures. Steels incorporating 8 % aluminum. Poor high temperature opposition Low temperature stamina Steels in general posses hapless low temperature stamina. Shows first-class stamina at low temperatures happening usage in infrigidation. Tensile strength Much higher than aluminum and its metals. Tensile strength of pure aluminum is really much lower but, the belongings can be improved by add-ons of Mn, Si, Cu A ; Mg and through annealing aluminum metal has a tensile strength of 295 Mpa. Output strength Very much higher than aluminium metal The mechanical belongingss are improved by add-ons of Mn, Si, Cu, A ; Mg and through annealing. Machinability Shows good machinability in high sulfur steels and lead bearing steels. Show first-class machinability Hardness Harder than aluminum denting inclination less than aluminum Lower hardness than steel. Muffling features Ability to rarefy air bone noise due to its immense mass over aluminum. Inability to rarefy air borne noise compared to steel Strain rate sensitiveness High strain rate sensitive exposing positive strain rate public presentation. Not strain rate medium and has hapless clang worthiness. Corrosion A ; weather opposition Austenitic chromium steel steel like AISI 304 A ; 316 shows first-class corrosion opposition. Shows good gal vanic, cavity and inter-granular corrosion opposition Good corrosion opposition and the rate of corrosion is 1/25thof high opposition steels. It is first-class conditions resistant. Non toxicity Austenitic chromium steel steels 300 series are known for their non -toxic nature. Tin home base steels are used for continuing nutrient, comestible oils etc. Highly non-toxic. Aluminium foil wrapping 500 foil of 0.007mm thickness is wholly impermeable. Aesthetic entreaty Excellent for austenitic chromium steel steels with low care costs. Attractive visual aspect with low care costs. Discoveries use in facing, hardware etc. Table 4.4.1 ( B.V.R Raja ) 4.6 CHASSIS There is batch of accomplishment and engineering behind the development and usage of honeycomb human body. The typical portion of aluminum tegument in honeycomb panel is good in certain countries. Honeycomb human body can take great important tonss on border. But this ca nââ¬â¢t take much burden in 90 grades to that great extent. The design panel is immune to all conditions conditions although they are non designed to expose to atmosphere. The bonding between the honeycomb and the aluminum tegument is really strong to H2O resistant but the bonding is non H2O cogent evidence. So when planing the human body we must take effectual stairss to forestall to maintain route H2O and salts out off the panels and articulations to avoid corrosion and harm to human body. More proficient accomplishment is required while repairing the panels. To the specific demands, you needed to attach the panels without impacting their physical belongings. We ca nââ¬â¢t concentrate or sleep together the pa nels together for perfect bonding. ( Cliffbeer, 2007 ) 4.7 RACK AND PINION SYSTEM In rack and pinion type, the cogwheel on the maneuvering column ââ¬Ës terminal is similar to the pinion cogwheel in the differential cut on an angle, and meshed with a steel saloon ( the rack ) toothed on one side. The rack is mounted parallel to the forepart axle and as the maneuvering wheel bends, it operates straight on the tie rods without the usage of a pitman arm, loafer or intermediate ( or relay ) rod. Adding a power aid to this type of guidance is rather simple. The power Piston is really portion of the rack, and the rack lodging Acts of the Apostless as the cylinder. The control valve is located in the pinion lodging. Rotation of the guidance shaft and pinion turns the valve to direct hydraulic force per unit area to either terminal of the rack Piston. 4.8 MACPHERSON STRUT FRONT SUSPENSION The most widely used forepart suspension system in autos of European beginning.The system comprises of a strut-type spring and daze absorber jazz band, which pivots on a ball articulation on the individual, lower arm The prance itself is the supporting member in this assembly, with the spring and daze absorber simply executing their responsibility as oppose to really keeping the auto up. 4.9 MULTI-LINK REAR SUSPENSION This is the latest embodiment of the dual wishing bone system. The basic rule of it is the same, but alternatively of solid upper and lower wishing bones, each ââ¬Ëarm ââ¬Ë of the wishing bone is a separate point. These are joined at the top and underside of the spindle therefore organizing the wishing bone form. The super-weird thing about this is that as the spindle turns for maneuvering, it alters the geometry of the suspension by torquing all four suspension weaponries. ( Chris Longhurst, 1994-2004 ) 4.10 AERODYNAMICS Aeromechanicss encompass all the air flows that base on balls over, around, and through a vehicle they can be subdivided in those impacting performance/ fuel ingestion, comfort, chilling, vehicle kineticss, directional stableness and perceptibility safety. ( Automotive Handbook, 2007 ) 4.11 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Component Material Human body Aluminum honeycomb Body Steel, Aluminium Exterior panels, Bumpers Aluminum, plastic Interior panels Plastic ( ABS, PVC ) Wheels Aluminum Front suspension MACPHERSON STRUT Rear suspension Multi-link 5.0 Energy Recovery and System In a Low Carbon Vehicle, the energy lost or used, if recovered, could do the system more efficient. In order to retrieve the energy, two types of system are applied. Solar Energy Panels Regenerative Braking System 5.1 Solar Energy Panels ( Darrell D. Ebbing, 2007 ) ( SPI, 2005-2010 ) ( Inventables, 2007 ) Solar energy is the largely available energy in the universe. Taking this into cognition, we introduce solar panels which convert solar energy into electric energy and are stored in the battery. There are two sort of solar panels used: ââ¬â Transparent and flexible solar panels Plate type solar panels The Semi transparent and flexible solar panels will be placed on each Windowss of the vehicle. So that the both the side of solar panel can be utilised consequently and with the aid of the green house consequence, it helps in bear downing the battery from both the sides. The Plate type solar panels will be placed on the roof of the vehicle and for the use of maximal solar energy All the charges obtained from the solar panel will be stored in the battery utilizing a control unit. Power available 20W ( Plate type solar panels ) 10-14W ( Semi transparent and flexible solar panels ) Charging Time 6-8 hour ( 45 % ââ¬â 60 % ) Nominal Voltage 12v ( approx. ) Maximal Power Voltage 17.5v ( approx. ) Maximal Power Current 1.1A ( approx. ) Open Circuit Voltage 21.0v ( approx. ) Short Circuit Current 1.3A ( approx. ) Cost 400 ( approx. ) Table 5.1.1 Specification of the solar panels used. ( navitron, 2004 ) 5.2 Regenerative Braking System ( Boxwell, 2010 ) ( Brain, 1998 ) Regenerative braking system is an alternate manner used to bring forth electrical energy from kinetic energy produced through braking. This energy is produced by the rearward rotary motion of the motor used in the vehicle. As vehicle go down the hill or into halting point by braking, the electronic circuit or accountant would do the motor rotate backward with the aid of the tyres and in this instance, the motor which rotates the wheel would move as a generator to bring forth the electricity. This charge produced will be stored in the battery utilizing a control unit. By this system, the energy lost would be recovered and stored, therefore increasing the efficiency of the vehicle ( Automotive constituents and parts, 2008 ) 6.0 Parasitic Losses ( Vehicle Technologies Program, 2009 ) Parasitic loss is chiefly known as the loss of the energy in the system. For electric autos, the parasitic loss is chiefly due to the air current opposition and retarding force, braking and turn overing opposition. It even includes the clash and wears in the vehicle, thermal ( heat ) loads, operation of subsidiary tonss ( air conditioning, warmers, infrigidation, etc. ) . ( Inventables, 2007 ) This parasitic loss can vastly impact the efficiency of the vehicle. Electrical Consumer Power end product Average power end product Electric motor Radio 80kW 20W 75kW 20W Side marker lamps Low beam ( lordotic beam ) License ââ¬â home base lamp, tail lamps Indicator lamp, instruments Heated rear window Interior warming, fan Electrical radiator ventilator 8W 110W 30W 22W 200W 120W 120W 7W 90W 25W 20W 60W 50W 30W Windshield wiper Stop lamps Turn signal lamps Fog lamps Rear fog warning lamp 50W 42W 42W 110W 21W 10W 11W 5W 20W 2W Entire Installed electrical burden demands Average electrical burden demands 80,895W 75,350W Table 6.1 demoing the ingestion of constituents of an Electric vehicle ( Automotive Handbook, 2007 ) Therefore the parasitic losingss occurred in the electrical constituents = 80,895-75,350=5,545W Hence there is an approximative parasitic loss of 5kW and more in this system. 7.0 HVAC ( Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning ) HVAC ( Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning ) is a engineering that deals with the indoor or automotive environment control with the rules of Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics and Heat transportation. Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning are closely interrelated in order to supply a thermic comfort in the indoors. Since it is used to command the quality of air it is besides referred to as Climate control. HVAC is non merely of import in the design of medium to big industrial and office edifices and in marine environments but besides in cars such as autos and trucks where safe andA healthyA conditions are regulated with temperature and humidness. Since, HVAC systems account for so much electric energy usage, the efficiency of the system has to be improved through proper design, installing and scheduled care. HAVAC Systems perform conditioning the air in the undermentioned ways Removing and adding heat. Adding and taking wet. Volume of air flow. Speed of air flow. Removing Impurities in air. Fig 7.1 Ventilation System. ( National Research Council Canada ) Aim Supplying an acceptable degree of tenancy comfort Care of good air quality Minimum energy demands Minimal cost Proper air flow, heating and chilling. 7.1 HVAC TYPES The move to battery powered electric autos poses several challenges when it comes to climate control inside the vehicle. The enormously inefficient internal burning engine ââ¬Ës coolant system can easy be tapped for cabin warming are now gone while powering a 3 ââ¬â 5 kilowatts air conditioning compressor in an EV consumes merely 200 wh/mile atA main road velocities. There are different types of HVACs used in Electric Vehicles. THERMOELECTRIC DEVICES FOR AIR CONDITIONING The thermoelectric HVAC will be optimised to supply the occupant comfort while cut downing fuel ingestion and nursery gas emanations. To maximise energy efficiency, the thermoelectric HVAC system will utilize a distributed warming or chilling design that targets single residents and reduces temperature conditioning to unoccupied rider seating. Tetrafluoroethane ( R-134a ) refrigerant gas is the most common working fluid in vehicular air conditioners since 1995. R-134a has 1300 times greater nursery gas impact than CO2. Car air conditioners leak 10 to 70 g/year. Thermoelectric HVAC systems significantly cut down adult male ââ¬Ës part to greenhouse gases while bettering fuel economic system. 7-8 billion gallons/year of fuel usage for automotive A/C. Approximately 6 % of our national responsibility fuel usage ( ELECTRIC VEHICLE NEWS, 2009 ) . Climate CONTROLLED SEATS ( CCS ) This HVAC engineering heats and cools environing constructions such as the star, Windowss, flooring, and place dorsums. These systems consume between 3.5-5 KW. To cut down this burden, heating or chilling can be plumbed straight into the seats. These seats are called Climate Controlled Seats ( CCS ) . Since the place has direct contact with the resident it has much higher thermic conduction compared to air which is a hapless music director. With direct contact chilling or heating burden per individual could be reduced to less than 700 Watts compared to 5,000 W to heat/cool the full cabin ( Fairbanks, THERMOELECTRIC DEVELOPMENTS FOR VEHICULAR APPLICATION, 2006 ) . Fig. 7.1.1 Climate Control Seats. ( Fairbanks, 2006 ) Fig 7.1.2 HVAC System in Electric Car. ( Electric VEHICLE NEWS, 2009 ) Advantage This program presents scenarios for increased usage of alternate fuels and vehicle engineering efficiency betterments in order to cut down power ingestion and nursery gas emanations. This system will show a lower limit of 33 % betterment in the energy consumed by a vehicle air conditioning system. ZT ( figure of virtue ) ~ 1 ; COP ~ 0.9-1.0 ; Distributed HVAC System ; P ~ 2 kilowatt ; Power Off Alternator Decreases ~ 0.8 mpg/vehicle ( 0.8/27.5 ~ 0.029 ) low Alternator Efficiency ZT ~ 2 ; COP ~ 2 ; Distributed HVAC System ; P ~ 1 KW ; Power Off Alternator Additions ~ 1.1 mpg/vehicle ( 1.1/27.5 ~ 0.04 ) Either ZT Case ; Power From Thermoelectric Generator Converting Engine Exhaust Heat to Electricity Additions ~ 3 mpg/vehicle ( 3/27.5 ~ 0.11 ) ( Fairbanks, THERMOELECTRIC DEVELOPMENTS FOR VEHICULAR APPLICATION, 2006 ) PELTIER EFFECT THERMOELECTRIC Peltier faculties can be used to bring forth electricity, to supply air conditioning or they can be used to supply warming. In fact, Peltier faculties make it possible to construct various warming and chilling devices for applications that require an energy efficiency solution. Peltier faculties are thermoelectric ( TE ) devices that can be used to supply chilling or to bring forth electricity, depending on the application. The faculties work harmonizing to the Peltier/Seebeck consequence, which provides chilling by go throughing a current across two dissimilar stuffs, that ââ¬Ës on opposite sides of the device. The current flow causes one side of the device to go hot and the other to go really cold. A Peltier air conditioning solution can be built by configuring the Peltier faculties to accept a current, which will chill one side of the faculty and heat the other. In this constellation, Peltier faculties are frequently referred to as TEC or thermoelectric ice chests. The hot side of the Peltier faculty will necessitate a heat sink and a chilling fan to forestall overheating. The cool side of the Peltier faculty can so supply chilling by doing the Ac fan to blow air across them. The same faculties can besides supply warming by altering the way of the current flow. This will do the hot side to go cold and the cold side to go hot, which makes Peltier faculties an all unit of ammunition warming and air conditioning solution ( Fairbanks, CAR and Vehicle Technologies Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy US Department of Energy Washington, D.C ) . 7.2 AUXILIARY POWER UNIT An Auxiliary Power Unit ( APU ) is used in the motor and electric vehicles in-order to supply energy for the vehicle other than get downing up of engines. It is used for runing the power Windowss and Cabin light even before get downing up of engine. The traditional APU is powered by fuel, which is less efficient and causes more pollution than the emerging battery powered APU ââ¬Ës. Fuel cell APU is a typical type which uses fuel cell as a beginning of energy but involves no burning and so is clean and efficient. AUXILIARY POWER UNIT IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES A battery electric vehicle has a comparatively little fuel cell subsidiary power unit ( APU ) to reload the battery battalion during driving. The attractive force of this constellation is the usage of a comparatively little battery battalion ( to let 65 ââ¬â 110 kilometer of ZEV scope ) while increasing vehicle scope and functionality to be tantamount to conventional vehicles ( 400 ââ¬â 650km ) . Another cardinal attractive force is that a bulk of kilometer could be expeditiously refueled from the grid leting low or zero CO2 power bring forthing engineering to be deployed in private transit without the tremendous cost and inefficiency of the H2 substructure ( Zizelman, 2000 ) . FUNCTIONS OF APU APU in a auto is responsible for and provides power to the Cooling system Heating system Generator/alternator system Air conditioning compressor SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL APU The combination of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ( SOFC ) APU and advanced Lithium Ion battery systems appears to do the fuel cell scope extender EV an attractive system in footings of efficiency, weight and cost. The add-on of the APU on the vehicle enhances the value of the vehicle to the electric grid by leting the vehicle to run as a back-up generator for the edifice next to which it is parked. Delphi has been making R A ; D on fuel reforming and fuel cells since 1990. The SOFC plan began in 1999 with a customer-linked plan to develop a 3-5 kilowatt APU merchandise for luxury rider autos running on gasolene. The SOFC APU is a practical first measure for debut of fuel cells in transit. But its linkage to luxury maps ( like electric air conditioning ) alternatively of propulsion and its usage of conventional fuels, alternatively of direct H2, may do it look like a cautious first measure. However a assortment of future integrating schemes for combined rhythm SOFC/ICE, SOFC intercrossed vehicles and the SOFC/Li-Ion scope extender EV offer a broad spectrum of future ââ¬Å" green â⬠applications. In add-on, SOFC is capable of firing H2 or other renewable fuels really expeditiously. The SOFC system will inherently hold highly low emanations. No NOx will be formed in the reforming procedure and the post-combustor will run at temperatures where no NOx and hydrocarbons are for med. But, the SOFC was assumed to accomplish a 40 % efficiency degree for the coevals of electricity ( ( Delphi ) , 2002 ) . 8.0 Final Selection A ; Remarks 8.1 DFMEA: Design Failure Mode Effect Analysis is a systematic analysis of possible failure manners aimed at forestalling those failures. It is an intended preventative action procedure carried out before implementing new or alterations in merchandises or procedures. Table 8.1.1 shows Design Failure Mode Effect Analysis of our construct. 8.2 Risk Appraisal: Battery detonation during clang and acerb spillage Passengers and people in the locality 8 Fire asphyxiator in auto, insularity Remote dismay, acerb spillage solidifier Light weight construction. Aluminium metal organic structure riders 9 airbags Fibre reinforced parts, impact bars, propinquity detectors HVAC working fluid spillage riders 6 none Fluid flow A ; circuit ledgeman Less noise during gesture Pedestrians and bicyclers 5 Horns Proximity detector Electric dazes due to short circuits riders 7 Circuit ledgeman Electric insularity, daze preventer faculties 8.3 Work Packages: Batteries, High Voltage Electrical Distribution Systems Shaikh Jameer Drive Motors, Power Electronics Manjunath T. R Lightweight Structures, Vehicle Dynamics Balakrishna Auxiliary Power Units, HVAC and System Cooling, Aerodynamic Performance Jagathish Energy Recovery and Storage, Parasitic Losses Antony Sunny 8.4 Undertaking Plan Cost Report: Overview of the undertaking program Cost study is shown in Table 8.41 Specification Cost Battery Motor Chassis A ; Body Energy Recovery System HVAC and Auxiliary Power Unit Assorted 9500 5000 2500 2000 4000 5000 9000 4550 2000 1450 3450 4500 500 450 500 550 550 500 Analysis 1200 1000 200 Testing of Components 1500 1200 300 Manufacturing A ; Assembly 2000 1500 500 Testing 1200 1000 200 Table 8.41 Cost Report ( Hamster Internet, Inc. , 2011 ) ( Resciniti, Peshkess, A ; Leonard, 2003 ) ( Cost Variance Stoplights, 2010 ) Chart 8.4.2 Pie Chart of Baseline Cost 8.5 Deliverables: Deliverables are the study, informations or even merchandises which are to be delivered. This is divided in two parts Internal Deliverable and External Deliverables. Internal Deliverables are things which are to be delivered within the people working on the undertaking and external deliverables are those which the people working in the undertaking deliver to the higher governments or users i.e. outside of the undertaking working environment. Table 8.5.1 and Table 8.5.2 show Internal and External deliverables related to our undertaking. Internal Deliverables: Name Description Undertaking and Development Planning Detailss This includes Individual Section Time program, Group Time Plan, QFD of the Undertaking. Weekly Reports Status of the undertaking Selection study This includes describe how a peculiar constituent was selected and/or implemented Required Specifications of the vehicle This includes the concluding specifications External Deliverables: Whole Project Report Report on in what manner the undertaking will be carried out. Cost Estimates Cost Report of the undertaking Undertaking Requirement Details Requirements inside informations includes Machinery and/or Labour, Space required Final Concept and/or Prototypes Working paradigm or Final construct Complete Study of the Project tells about the feasibleness of the undertaking, which are strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Table 8.6.1 gives usage inside informations on feasibleness of our construct. 9.0 Decision: Use of choice tools like Quality Function Deployment ( QFD ) helped in the construct development, and be aftering stage, including Fish Bone diagram, Concept Phase Gantt chart, and Gantt chart of Group Time Plan helped us in acquiring the concluding specifications of the construct vehicle. And therefore, the construct of the vehicle is developed with C decrease engineerings such as lithium ion batteries, and energy recovery methods which use of solar energy and regenerative braking system. SWOT analysis shows the strength, failing, chances and menaces of the construct and hence, doing the range of research and development much broader. Therefore, we have a neââ¬â¢er stoping concatenation of construct development and planning, to develop more economic and eco-friendly vehicles. How to cite Low Carbon Emission Family Hatchback Development Engineering Essay, Essay examples Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-64268077075502303522020-05-05T15:07:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:07:04.467-07:00Eco Friendly Ganpati Essay Example For Students Eco Friendly Ganpati Essay An eco-friendly Ganesh Utsav In recent times, Ganesh Utsav festivities in Pune have adapted to environmental concerns, says Rasika Dhavse. September 2004 Puneites are passionate about Lord Ganesh. The Ganesh Utsav (Ganesh festival) in Pune is marked by an emotion so intense that it almost resembles mass hysteria. During utsav days, the Lord becomes family, to be worshipped with utmost love and devotion, before he is tearfully bid adieu on the last day of Anant Chaturdashi. In addition to the celebration of the festival at the individual family level, the Sarvajanik (common) Ganesh Utsav sees the involvement of housing societies, commercial and social organizations, and the city as a whole. People throng to the public installations, not just to bow their heads in reverence, but also to check out the latest decorations and tableaux. The Sarvajanik Ganesh Utsav was spearheaded by Lokmanya Tilak during the British rule as a channel to create social awareness amongst the masses. We will write a custom essay on Eco Friendly Ganpati specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now What is unique to Pune is that the city works hard to ensure that the festival retains this socio-cultural identity along with its religious significance. Over the years, the Ganesh Utsav has held a mirror to society, with its tableaux reflecting current social themes such as AIDS, population control, the Kargil War, political farces, major sports events, and even 9/11! Hence, it comes as no surprise that gradually the festival has donned a distinct green look, in keeping with the burning issue of our times ââ¬â environment. Pic: Punediary. com In the last four to five years, Puneites have become increasingly conscious of the impact of the Ganesh festival on the environment. Over time, it was noticed that on immersion, the plaster of Paris (PoP) as well as the chemical paints used in the making of the idols were polluting the Mula-Mutha rivers, which are the major sources of water supply to the city. Moreover, as the PoP does not dissolve easily, large and small idols surface in the waters days after the immersion. This is especially so for the large public idols, some of which are over 20 feet in height. Similarly, the flowers used in worship are also cast into the waters, resulting in clogging and decay. All this resulted in concerned citizens campaigning for eco-friendly immersions. Today, indiscriminate immersions of Ganesh idols in the cityââ¬â¢s lakes and rivers have abated noticeably. The awareness campaigns by youth groups and environmental organizations have led to a change in mindset. Moroever, the Pune Municipal Corporation has also done its bit by constructing tanks and urging citizens to use those for immersion. Now, at the major immersion sites in the city, one can see these concrete or metal water tanks, huge bins, and bands of volunteers. The volunteers, including a significant percentage of schoolchildren, stand guard at the entrance to the immersion sites. As soon as a Ganesh idol is brought in, they request it to be handed over to them. These idols are then immersed in the tanks. Collection centers are set up at various locations in the city, and some local groups such as the Friends of Nature, the Andhashraddha Nirmulan Samiti (ANS) or the Anti-Superstition Committee, and the Friends Society also undertake collection campaigns. People are requested to donate their Ganesh idols to these volunteers, who then take them to the immersion tanks. Traditionally, the flower offerings or nirmalya made to the Lord during the daily prayer rituals are immersed along with the idol. This practice has also come under the surveillance of this eco-drive. The nirmalaya is collected separately in huge bins and later handed over to the agriculture department or similar organizations to be converted into organic fertilizers or used in vermiculture efforts. ââ¬Å"But it hasnââ¬â¢t been easy,â⬠says P Nanawaty of the ANS. Initially our efforts were met with strong resistence by local religious groups. Our workers were beaten up too. The idea of moving away from the traditional immersion in natural water bodies was not appreciated by many. We worked really hard to convince people that we have to do this in order to protect our waters and environment from the damage caused by synthetic paint colors. It was only over time th at people realised that the rivers were getting so polluted that after the festival, water could not be used for drinking in the villages ahead,â⬠he continues. .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .postImageUrl , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:hover , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:visited , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:active { border:0!important; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:active , .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767 .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a849b8bb6aba36e74ae4e056e854767:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Endangered Species EssayANS started its work with ââ¬Å"Donate your Ganpatiâ⬠campaigns in Kolhapur in 1997. These efforts were replicated in Pune and the neighbouring Pimpri-Chinchwad corporation from 1999 onwards. Last year, ANS collected over 35,000 idols across Maharasthra in its donation campaign. These days, many citizens also recycle their idols. They do a token immersion at home in buckets or tubs, and then keep the idol away to be used again the next year. Some others have completely stopped the usage of idols made of PoP or even clay, and switched to metal idols. Vijay Lakshman Bhade, a pensioner from Pune, is one of them. He says, ââ¬Å"For years, we used PoP idols. However, we realized the adverse effects of such immersions on environment. Then a couple of years ago, we started using the tanks, and finally last year, we did a complete switch to a brass idol. In order to be true to tradition too, what we do is keep a betel-nut next to the idol as symbolic of the Lord and immerse that on the last day,â⬠says Bhade, proud to have achieved a perfect blend of tradition and eco-awareness. The green revolution has spread to the very genesis of the Ganesh idols ââ¬â the idol-making community living in Pen, about 80 kilometers from Mumbai. They are shifting back to using traditional clay instead of plaster. Whatââ¬â¢s more, the green revolution has spread to the very genesis of the Ganesh idolsââ¬âthe idol-making community living in Pen, about 80 kilometers from Mumbai. Idols made by the Pen craftspeople are considered to be aesthetically true to the Ganesh form, and are much sought after in Mumbai, Pune, Kolhapur, and even abroad. Traditionally, a variety of clay called shaadu would be used. But, though these clay idols are easily soluble in water, they are heavier, smaller, gray in color, not so intricate, and therefore less popular than their PoP counterparts. Hence, some makers had switched to PoP. However, with growing concerns about the environment, they are making the shift back to traditional clay. Also, there are now many who insist on clay idols. Take Shashank Mhasawade, a public relations professional, for example. He says, ââ¬Å"We insist on a clay idol every year, even though the finesse and colors are not as grand as those of PoP clays. Also, my mother started the practice of doing the immersion in a bucket at home, and then watering the garden plants with that water. Moreover, we have done away with using thermacol for our decorations. We now just have a basic decor, in harmony with our traditions and the environment! â⬠Those witnessing the Ganesh Utsav in Pune can discern this definite transformation in mindset and the consequent change in the celebrations. As many who have already leaped the chasm declare, tradition does not shackle you down. It evolves over time, giving you alternatives to preserve its sanctity as well as adapt to the changing environment. All you need is the determinationââ¬âin this case, the determination to go green. ? Rasika Dhavse September 2004 Rasika Dhavse is a freelance journalist, and writes regularly for India Together. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-53533539795364333002020-04-02T07:43:00.001-07:002020-04-02T07:43:02.456-07:0012 Things to Do When You Dont Feel Inspired to Write12 Things to Do When You Dont Feel Inspired to Write Weve all been there. The assignment has been given and youve done your research. Or you know the story you want to write- its just time to start writing it.Then the words wont happen. You stare at a blank screen and think, Maybe if I try hard enough, theyll just start flowing. So, you think harder and you stare even harder, but writers block seems a very real thing, despite its doubters. What do you do when you dont feel the inspiration to write?Heres a list of 12 things you can do right now to smash your writers block to smithereens.Read a bookStephen King once wrote, If you dont have time to read, you dont have the time (or the tools) to write. Simple as that. So, there are two things that reading a book will do for you if you find yourself without inspiration to write. First, if its a well written one, it will show you what you need to do to craft a good story. Second, it will clear your head (and your schedule) for a few minutes to allow inspiration to flow easier.Go for a walkTh ere are several beneficial things that happen to your brain when you exercise. This particular study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition showed that walking affects the brain by encouraging a free flow of ideas, making it a great way to get the creative juices flowing when you dont feel inspired to write.Drink a glass of wineFamous alcoholic writers aside, a study in the journal Consciousness Cognition showed that a small amount of alcohol can indeed help a writer be more creative. The studys lead author, Dr. Mathias Benedek, said there were two possible reasons alcohol makes creativity happen. First, it helps you to not be fixated on a problem, as it makes it more difficult to focus, helping your mind get unstuck from its fixation. Second, since it distracts you from the central task at hand (writing), it helps the mind work on a more subconscious level, which is where inspiration often happens in the first place. However, the study s authors were quick to point out that moderate to heavy drinkers should expect decreased creativity.Change your environmentSometimes a simple change in your environment is all that is needed to feel inspired to write. If youre indoors and feeling uninspired, try going outdoors. If youre in your office or preferred writing space and still without inspiration, light a candle, open a window, turn a fan on, change the lighting- do something to alter your environment. Even the slightest change in environment will encourage your brain to reset from whatever mode its stuck in, and hopefully move it toward a more creative process. Or check out this article for 10 unexpected places that can inspire you to write.Do the 30 Circles TestThis creative exercise, developed by Bob McKim and later featured on Tim Browns TEDTalk on creativity, is a quick way to exercise your brain and encourage it to go into a more creative mode. First, draw 30 circles on a piece of paper, like this:30 Circles Testâ ⬠¯Next, start a timer at 3 minutes and see how many designs you can incorporate into each of the circles that are varied and unique. The goal is quantity of circles filled rather than quality of your sketches. For example, the first circle might be a globe, while the next circle could be a sun. Continue drawing in each of the circles until the 3 minutes is up and see how many you can complete within that timeframe.Wash the dishes or [insert random chore here]Distraction can work against you but can also be a good thing if youre waiting on inspiration to strike. Getting away from your laptop, moving around, and completing a chore or two not only resets your mind away from the blank page and more toward getting things done- it also makes your house a lot cleaner on particularly unproductive writing days. If nothing else, thats making lemonade of lemons!Drink a cup of coffeeIts no secret among writers and creatives- coffee is where its at when creative energy is low. And theres scie nce to back this up. For example, in this study published in Nature Neuroscience, scientists found that caffeine strengthens electrical signals in rats hippocampus. This means that coffee has the potential to strengthen synapses associated with creativity and in moderate doses, can help a writer get past the uninspired moments.Eat chocolateThere are a ton of medical and mental benefits to eating chocolate, including benefiting creativity. Dont believe me? Check out this study published by the Journal of Nutrition. Dark chocolate is especially healthy, with just the right amount of caffeine and serotonin-boosting chemicals to set your brain in high creative gear.Write anywayMany writers believe that if you just start putting words on a page, theyll end up turning into something good. Its the something is better than nothing philosophy, and at the very least, is a stream-of-consciousness exercise that forces the brain to get into creative mode. A lot of writers have made a decent livi ng and name for themselves with this kind of unedited, spur-of-the-moment prose (Hunter S. Thompson, for example)- perhaps because they saw the benefit of it to get a writer out of self-doubting and self-editing habits.MeditateProponents of meditation have long sung its praises in how it affects their minds and bodies. Now, there is research out of Leiden University in the Netherlands, which studied two types of mediation and how it affected a persons creative functioning. After assigning two types of meditation to the study participants, focused-attention (focusing on your breath) and open-monitoring (focusing on inner and outer states), the studys authors showed that participants who practiced open-monitoring meditation were better able to come up with new or divergent ideas.Eat fatty fishFatty fish like salmon, halibut, and tuna are a great natural source for Omega-3 fatty acids. In addition to the many diseases Omega-3 acids have been found to help protect the body against, Omeg a-3s also provide the building blocks for DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). DHA makes up a large part of the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain responsible forâ⬠¯memory, language, abstraction, creativity, judgment, emotion and attention. DHA also supports neurotransmitter health, involving dopamine, serotonin, GABA, and acetylcholine.Turn off your computer and go do something else- anything elseThe power of distraction is significant if you can manage to not be distracted too much. One study published in Psychological Science used an incubation paradigm to assess whether performance on validated creativity problems can be facilitated by engaging in either a demanding task or an undemanding task that maximizes mind wandering. Put simply, the researchers tried distracting the studys participants with a hard task and an easy task to encourage creative output and found that simple, nondemanding tasks allow the mind to be distracted just enough to encourage creative problem solving. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-54359238592793733182020-03-08T03:37:00.001-07:002020-03-08T03:37:03.204-07:00Euclid Essays (765 words) - Foundations Of Geometry, EuclidEuclid Essays (765 words) - Foundations Of Geometry, Euclid Euclid Euclid is one of the most influential and best read mathematician of all time. His prize work, Elements, was the textbook of elementary geometry and logic up to the early twentieth century. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians. Very little is known about the life of Euclid. Both the dates and places of his birth and death are unknown. It is believed that he was educated at Plato's academy in Athens and stayed there until he was invited by Ptolemy I to teach at his newly founded university in Alexandria. There, Euclid founded the school of mathematics and remained there for the rest of his life. As a teacher, he was probably one of the mentors to Archimedes. Personally, all accounts of Euclid describe him as a kind, fair, patient man who quickly helped and praised the works of others. However, this did not stop him from engaging in sarcasm. One story relates that one of his students complained that he had no use for any of the mathematics he was learning. Euclid quickly called to his slave to give the boy a coin because he must make gain out of what he learns. Another story relates that Ptolemy asked the mathematician if there was some easier way to learn geometry than by learning all the theorems. Euclid replied, There is no royal road to geometry and sent the king to study. Euclid's fame comes from his writings, especially his masterpiece Elements. This 13 volume work is a compilation of Greek mathematics and geometry. It is unknown how much if any of the work included in Elements is Euclid's original work; many of the theorems found can be traced to previous thinkers including Euxodus, Thales, Hippocrates and Pythagoras. However, the format of Elements belongs to him alone. Each volume lists a number of definitions and postulates followed by theorems, which are followed by proofs using those definitions and postulates. Every statement was proven, no matter how obvious. Euclid chose his postulates carefully, picking only the most basic and self-evident propositions as the basis of his work. Before, rival schools each had a different set of postulates, some of which were very questionable. This format helped standardize Greek mathematics. As for the subject matter, it ran the gamut of ancient thought. The subjects include: the transitive property, the Pythagorean theorem, algebraic identities, circles, tangents, plane geometry, the theory of proportions, prime numbers, perfect numbers, properties of positive integers, irrational numbers, 3-D figures, inscribed and circumscribed figures, LCD, GCM and the construction of regular solids. Especially noteworthy subjects include the method of exhaustion, which would be used by Archimedes in the invention of integral calculus, and the proof that the set of all prime numbers is infinite. Elements was translated into both Latin and Arabic and is the earliest similar work to survive, basically because it is far superior to anything previous. The first printed copy came out in 1482 and was the geometry textbook and logic primer by the 1700s. During this period Euclid was highly respected as a mathematician and Elements was considered one of the greatest mathematical works of all time. The publication was used in schools up to 1903. Euclid also wrote many other works including Data, On Division, Phaenomena, Optics and the lost books Conics and Porisms. Today, Euclid has lost much of the godlike status he once held. In his time, many of his peers attacked him for being too thorough and including self-evident proofs, such as one side of a triangle cannot be longer than the sum of the other two sides. Today, most mathematicians attack Euclid for the exact opposite reason that he was not thorough enough. In Elements, there are missing areas which were forced to be filled in by following mathematicians. In addition, several errors and questionable ideas have been found. The most glaring one deals with his fifth postulate, also known as the parallel postulate. The proposition states that for a straight line and a point not on the line, there is exactly one line that passes through the point parallel to the original line. Euclid was unable to prove this statement and needing it for his proofs, so he assumed it as true. Future mathematicians could not accept such a statement was unproveable and spent centuries looking for an answer. Only with the onset of non- Euclidean geometry, that replaces the statement Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-41258641623006890762020-02-20T18:02:00.001-08:002020-02-20T18:02:03.224-08:00Wedding Ceremony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsWedding Ceremony - Essay Example This definition, however, fails to highlight the actual meaning and worth of a wedding ceremony. In most cultures weddings underscored the need for the transition from one stage of life to another. It may no longer be seen that way but in Greek cultures, for example, wedding marked the transition of a woman from one ââ¬Å"Oikosâ⬠to her new ââ¬Å"Oikosâ⬠. ââ¬Å"She changed from a partner, a maiden, to a nymph, a married woman without children, when she married and then finally to a gyne, an adult woman when she bore her first child. The entire set of marriage rites focused on the bride and her relocation to a new Oikos and Kurios, the most important transition in her life.â⬠(Powers, 1997) The wedding in Greek culture would last three days where each day had an important cultural significance. The first day was the day when a bride would offer her toys and other childhood stuff to deities. This was done to mark her freedom from her old life and transition into a new life. Similarly for Romans as well, the wedding was a critical rite and did not just mean the act of marrying two people. In Roman culture, people could legally live together without a wedding and hence when a ceremony took place, it meant much more than just legalizing the marriage. Just like the Greek ceremony, Romans would also have a day on which the bride would perform certain rituals to mark her transition to the next stage of life. She would also get rid of her toys and childhood belongings. However, the most important part of the ceremony was the hairdo and the dress. The Roman bride would wear the dress only once and her hair would be styled in a particular manner. The veil was a must and it had to be worn by all brides. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-21065875624977834152020-02-04T23:22:00.001-08:002020-02-04T23:22:02.637-08:00The Debate over Physician Assisted Suicide EssayThe Debate over Physician Assisted Suicide - Essay Example Thus, the campaign in Indiana to get PAS legislation on the ballot should focus on these aspects. One should take into account the possible counter-arguments that could be raised by the opponents of PAS. It should be kept in mind that there are strong oppositions from the part of physicians, legal commentators and sociologists as many hold that physician-assisted suicide is nothing but willful killing. The opponents also may argue that it is more significant to protect and preserve human life. Therefore, it is imperative that the campaign for PAS should postulate that such patients who cannot fulfill social responsibilities and societal expectations would cause social instability and as such, Physical Assisted Suicide can be permitted in exceptional cases where the patient leads a miserable life and has no hope for recovery from the deadly disease or illness. This paper seeks to convince the audience/readers that PAS is worthy of being legalized in Indiana and in doing so the paper t hrows light on the specific characterizations of Indiana voters as well. It can be identified that the Indiana voters have remained reluctant towards legalizing PAS in the past. The Indiana Code à §35-42-1-2.5 ââ¬Ëprohibits assisted suicideââ¬â¢ by law and it has been brought under the general homicide laws (Legal Status of Assisted Suicide/Euthanasia in the United States). However, the emergence of such controversial cases as Terri Schiavo, Barbara Howee, and Nancy Cruzan has prompted many to rethink of legalizing PAS. Terri Schiavo had to remain in ââ¬Ëpersistent vegetative stateââ¬â¢ for 15 years until she was permitted for PAS on March 31, 2005; Barbara Howe was totally paralyzed and breathing with a ventilator for many years; and Nancy Cruzan, an auto accident victim, had also to remain in persistent vegetative state for a number of years (Jost 423). Undoubtedly, anyone who has witnessed the sufferings, misfortune, agony and frustration experienced by these patient s as well as their intimate relatives will think in favor of PAS. In this respect, the Oregon's Death with Dignity Act has rightly recognized the personal rights of patients; however, it is quite unfortunate that the Supreme Court ruled that there are no fundamental or constitutional rights that support any arguments in favor of physician-assisted suicide (Park 283). Indiana, too, can follow the example of Oregon if the Indiana voters show empathetic feelings towards the suffering and pathetic persistent vegetative state of many of its brothers and sisters. While PAS is opposed for moral and ethical reasons, it is high time that the Indiana voters realized the factors that favor PAS. One needs to understand that the demand for PAS is strongly rooted in human rights theories and the concept of patient autonomy. PAS can also be regarded as quite ethical and moral as the termination of life occurs at the request of the individual himself when the physician realizes that ââ¬Ëto conti nue letting this individual live, would be more harmful than dyingââ¬â¢ (Center for Bioethics: University of Minnesota 41). Similarly, there are sound arguments that the patients have the right to die with dignity rather than leading a death-like miserable life. In physician-assisted suicide, the choice to end oneââ¬â¢s life rests completely on the patient himself or his/her family. The Indiana voters need to have a thorough understanding of the arguments Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-57926546593754129652020-01-27T19:44:00.001-08:002020-01-27T19:44:02.603-08:00Maglev Wind Turbine and Solar Panel for StreetlightMaglev Wind Turbine and Solar Panel for Streetlight Abstract:à This work describes the implementation of VAWT and solar panel for electricity generation from renewable energy sources that are wind energy and solar energy respectively. The VAWT worked on electromagnetism principle has suspension system of permanent magnets instead of ball bearing used in conventional wind turbines. The electrical energy generated by this hybrid system is then used for streetlight purpose. Keywords: Wind energy, Solar energy, Magnetic Levitation, VAWT, Savonius Turbine, Solar panel 1. INTRODUCTION The primary factor for survival of human beings is the energy. Everything what happens in the world is the expression of flow of energy from one form to another. Electric power is not available in many rural areas due to high cost of generation and distribution to small dispersed users. For electricity generation we have to greatly depend upon hydraulic and nuclear power plants. But due to their certain disadvantages like area compensation, high initial cost, availability of resources and also the pollution, there is need to rethink on some another renewable energy resources. Solar energy and wind energy are available abundantly all over the world with free of cost. These energies are harnessed by human beings for a long time and with the advanced technologies we can take their advantage to generate electricity. The potential of solar energy is 178 billion MW which is about 20000 times the worlds demand and the potential of wind energy is 1.6ÃÆ'-107 MW equal to magnitude of present energy consumption on the earth. The solar energy can be converted to electrical energy by photovoltaic cells. The kinetic energy of wind can be converted to electrical energy by wind turbine. As conventional wind turbine has certain disadvantages; vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are the alternate solution. The merits of VAWT are low initial and running cost, easy installation, less space acquired, capability to capture wind from any direction and elimination of ball bearings by the use of magnetic levitation technique. The advantage of these two renewable energy resources can be taken by making a hybrid system so we do not required depending on availability of any single resource. The electricity required for domestic purpose can be generated by unique combination of solar system and wind system. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Solar power The solar power where sun hits atmosphere is 1017 watts, whereas the solar power on earths surface is 1016 watts. The total world-wide power demand of all needs of civilization is 1013 watts. Therefore, the sun gives us 1000 times more power than we need. If we can use 5% of this energy, it will be 50 times what the world will require. 2.2 Principle of working of photovoltaic cell Electricity can be produced from the solar energy by photovoltaic solar cells. When photons from the sun are absorbed in a semi-conductor, they create free electrons with higher energies than the electrons which provide the bonding in the base crystal. Once these free electrons are created, there must be an electric field to induce these higher energy electrons to flow out of the semi-conductor to do useful work. The electric field in most solar cells is provided by a junction of materials which have different electrical properties. The photovoltaic effect can be easily described easily for p-n junction in semi-conductor materials of solar cells which are silicon, cadmium, sulphide/copper sulphide , gallium arsenite. Fig-1 Working principle of photovoltaic cell 2.3 Various type of solar cell Thecomparison of various types of pv-cell is Price Efficiency 1 W size Current production Single crystal High 10-17% 1 About 30% Polcrystalline Medium 10-13% 1.3 About 60% Amorphous Low 7-10% 1.7 About 10% 2.4 Wind energy Wind energy is an indirect source of solar energy. Factors responsible for wind are- 1. Heating and cooling of the atmosphere which generates convection currents. Heating is caused by the absorption of solar energy on the earths surface and in the atmosphere. 2. The rotation of earth with respect to atmosphere, and its motion around the sun. 2.5 Wind power Three factors determine the output from wind energy converter- 1. The wind speed 2. The cross section of wind swept by rotor, and 3. The overall conversion efficiency of rotor, transmission system and generator or pump. No device, however well designed, can extract all of the winds energy because the wind would have to be brought to a halt and this would prevent the passage of more air through the rotor. The most that is possible is for the rotor to decelerate the whole horizontal column of intercepted air to about one-third of its free velocity. A 100% efficient aerogenerator would therefore only be able to convert upto a maximum of around 60% of the available energy in wind into mechanical energy. Well-designed blades will typically extract 70% of the theoretical maximum, but losses incurred in the gear box, transmission system and generator or pump could decrease overall wind turbine efficiency to 35% or less. The wind mill works on the principle of converting kinetic energy of wind to mechanical energy. The mass of wind is- à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.. (1) Kinetic energy of wind is- Watts à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ (2) But, the power is nothing but kinetic energy of wind. Hence, available wind power- Watts Watts à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.. (3) Where, A= area swept by the blades, m2 V= velocity of wind, m/s à ªÃ à ¬= air density (1.225 kg/m3 at sea level) 2.5 Types of VAWT 1. Savonius rotor Characteristics of Savonius rotor Self-starting Low speed Low efficiency. Advantages: The machine performs at low wind velocity ranges. It has simple construction, hence easy to manufacture. Cost of VAWT may be significantly lower than that of standard wind turbine. Ground level mounting. Overall weight of the turbine may be substantially less than of conventional system. Disadvantages: This type of machine is too solid, having so much metal It is not useful for a very tall installation because a long drive shaft problems. 2. Darrieus rotor Characteristics of Darrieus rotor Not self-starting High speed High efficiency Potentially low capital cost Advantages: Rotor blades can accept the wind from any direction Ground level mounting Eliminate yaw control mechanism Less airfoil fabrication cost Disadvantages: It requires external mechanical source for start up At low height, it experiences a lower wind velocity compare to conventional turbines 3. MAGNETIC LEVITATION 3.1 Principle As we know that, when two like poles of magnet are bring together, they get repels from each other. This characteristic of magnet is used for the suspension purpose in vertical axis wind turbine. Due to the absence of physical contact between magnetic bearings, there is benefit of no friction and hence no wear. Also the no need of lubrication, no power loss and the absence of noise generation. Fig-2 Principle of Magnetic Levitation 3.2 Magnet Selection The strength of magnet to get attract or repels is depend on its material configuration. There are basically four categories of magnet that are alnico, ceramic, samarium cobalt and neodymium iron boron (Nd-Fe-B). Nd-Fe-B is the newest invention out of these which exhibits strongest magnetic properties. This magnet is used for the suspension purpose in VAWT. The repelling force exerted by these magnets holds the weight as well as force exerted by wind turbine. Fig-3 B-H curve of different magnets [1] From figure B-H curve depicts attractive magnetic characteristics of Nd-Fe-B offering high flux density with the ability of resisting the property of demagnetization. The permanent magnets selected were N-42 grade Nd-fe-B having ring shape which consist of nickel plating for strengthening and protecting the magnet. 3.3 Magnet placement To obtain thenecessary suspension for wind turbine, two ring shaped Nd-Fe-B magnets are arranged at the middle of the shaft. Magnetic suspension leads to frictionless, noiseless, maintenance less and power loss less rotations of rotor over stator. The similar 8 number of Nd-Fe-B disc shaped magnets are located around the bottom side periphery of wooden disc at above the top magnet. The flux generated by these disc shaped magnets is used for power generation with the help of the generator. Fig-4 Placement of ring magnet on turbine shaft Fig-5 Placement of disc magnets on rotor 4. COIL DESIGN AND ITS ARRANGEMENT To design the definite number of turns per coil is difficult. If the more turns are wound it increase the emf generated from each coil but increase the size of the every coil. For minimizing the size, wire having higher gauge can be used. If the diameter of wire is small low amount of current will flow leading to heating ofwire because of the increased resistance of wire which is another difficult task. Field density is the problem attached with large size coil for designing the generator for given application. Increase in gap between two magnets by increasing height of coil results in reduction of magnetic flux. Hence necessary voltage and current must be balanced. Fig-7 Coil arrangement on stator 5 HYBRID SYSTEM Sometimes due to unavailability of any single resource that is either solar energy or wind energy, there is effect on efficiency of such system. Also to decrease the load on single system, we can interconnect the solar system and wind system together. The output of solar system is DC and that of wind system is AC. So by the use of rectifier AC can be converted to DC and finally this combined DC is given to battery for storage purpose. Fig-8 Hybrid system 6. ENERGY STORAGE When there is no need of generated electrical energy or when the generated energy is excess than demand for application, there is need to store electrical energy. Therefore a 12V battery is used for storage purpose. The electrical energy is stored in the battery in the form of chemical energy when not to used and get convert from chemical energy to electrical energy When required to be used. 7. CONCLUSION The efficiency and effectiveness of VAWT increases due to the use of magnetic levitation principle. For domestic application it is convenient to use Maglev turbine than to use conventional turbine as it requires less space and also low initial and maintenance cost. Maglev turbine with large capacity gives more power than conventional horizontal axis turbine. To decrease the load on any single system, the concept of interconnection of solar and wind is very helpful. This hybrid system along with streetlight application can be used for several domestic applications like mobile and laptop charging, CCTV, to enlighten the single room etc. Use of renewable energy sources with initial investment can make the user free from electricity bill. 8. REFERENCES [1] Harshal V. and Kharat R. K, Power generation using Maglev Windmill International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRET) Volume: 05 Issue: 06 June: 2016 [2] Ashvin P. Joseph Review paper on Wind Turbine using Magnetic Levitation International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRMET) Volume: 6 Issue:1 Nov 2015-April 2016 [3] G. D. Rai, Non-conventional energy sources Khanna publishers, fourth edition, 2008 [4] B. Bittumon Design and analysis of Maglev Vertical Axis Wind Turbine International journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering (IJETAE) Volume: 4 Issue: 4 April 2014 Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-78064132949225488572020-01-19T16:07:00.001-08:002020-01-19T16:07:02.989-08:00Nietzsche: Exposing the Christianity Hoax Essay -- Nietzsche PhilosophNietzsche: Exposing the Christianity Hoax à à à à à For thousands of years the Bible has represented the foundation for one of the largest religions in existence, Christianity. ââ¬Å"The Bookâ⬠affects millions of peopleââ¬â¢s lives. The creation of morals makes the biggest impacts on individuals and society. Morals are hinted at throughout ââ¬Å"The Bookâ⬠, but are clearly stated in Matthewââ¬â¢s gospel. These morals are written in a series called the Beatitudes. Through morals, laws are created and society is given guidelines, most people see this in a positive manner. Friederich Nietzsche, a philosopher from the late 1800ââ¬â¢s, views religion as a cult made for weak minded simpletons who need something to carry them through life. Nietzsche is often viewed as an antichrist; in fact he even wrote ââ¬Å"The Antichrist,â⬠an essay that seems to be his boarding pass and a ticket to hell. But there is some merit in his satanic ideas about religion one need only to view them from faithless e yes. Nietzscheââ¬â¢s ideas dismiss those of Matthew and how religion is a con to suppress the strong and make the weak feel important. à à à à à Nietzsche sees religious people as weak people who hate the strong and independent. In essay one he calls all priests ââ¬Å"the great haters of historyâ⬠¦likewise the most ingenious haters. (p. 33)â⬠They are not able to go out into the world and naturally live without supernatural excuses and reasons for both their failures and successes. They cannot account for their own actions. In order to stop their feelings of weakness they must convince others that they are right and to follow them, giving them acceptance to in group. (p. 34) Through convincing sermons Christianity began to grow. à à à à à This con of the weak people can be traced back to two words - good and bad. Before Christianity good and bad represented social status (p. 25) Nietzsche claims that the concept of good was originally a synonym for nobility. At the same time anyone who was poor or simple was referred to as bad. The words had no moral value and were not part of some ââ¬Å"higherâ⬠judgment. It was priests that transformed these words so that good refers to the poor and lower class members of society, and the privileged are now seen as evil. This reversal of good and bad is seen in the Beatitudes. It is not the rich and powerful who are favored by God but the weak and poor. à à à à à In Nietzscheââ¬â¢s mind nothing ... ...s are created. Unlike the weak and poor priest who must give sermons and use persuasion to gather followers, the ââ¬Å"Super Manâ⬠unknowingly attracts followers through behavior and could care less if he is accepted by, let alone leading, a group. à à à à à Matthewââ¬â¢s gospel is a morally sound guideline to being the perfect Christian. Be kind to your neighbors. Help the poor. Be meek and poor for you will inherit the earth. Nietzsche would spit on these ââ¬Å"virtues.â⬠He believes that the gospel is the word of the weak and unwanted. The meek will only make a difference if they band together and start a resentiment, which is when the meek revolt and turn against the ââ¬Å"nobleâ⬠or strong. This is the only way that the poor can gain any power in society. In Nietzscheââ¬â¢s eyes religion was the ultimate con on the human race. A few weak menââ¬â¢s ideas spawned a worldwide movement to suppress the strong and noble. This movement will hinder the innate instinct to gain power and be the strongest util man realizes he controls his fate and religion is a fantasy. à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-57024829361928075542020-01-11T12:31:00.001-08:002020-01-11T12:31:04.466-08:00African-Americans Fighting for Equality EssayAfrican-Americans have been fighting for equality and freedom every since they were taken from Africa as slaves. They were stolen from their families and separated only to be servants to others as they were belittled, beaten, put down and treated as nothing. Many things have changed over the centuries, but African-Americans still fight everyday for different types of acknowledgements and equality. They have fought hard over the centuries to end segregation, discrimination, and isolation to attain equality and civil rights. Through the Civil Rights Movement African Americans played important roles American history with courage, strength, and struggling to live equal in America. We have learned about important people and events throughout history, but the fight against discrimination, segregation and isolation have not always been focused on. This paper will highlight how some of the well known and unknown people contributed towards the Civil Rights Movement, in which continues to be fought in present time. ââ¬Å"Racial segregation was a system derived from the efforts of white Americans to keep African Americans in a subordinate status by denying them equal access to public facilities and ensuring that blacks lived apart from whitesâ⬠(Lawson, 2009). Slaves lived in quarters far away from the master houses on the plantations, the only ones that lived in the house were the special chosen. ââ¬Å"By the time the Supreme Court ruled in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) that African Americans were not U. S. citizens, northern whites had excluded blacks from seats on public transportation and barred their entry, except as servants, from most hotels and restaurants. When allowed into auditoriums and theaters, blacks occupied separate sections; they also attended segregated schools. Most churches, too, were segregated. â⬠(Lawson, 2009). Rosa Parks was famous for her courage to stand for her right to sit where ever she wanted on a bus, but she was not the first or only one to make this choice. There was a fifteen year old girl that was arrested nine months earlier, but she was not attributed to the act because of her status of being a foul mouth tomboy and getting pregnant right after the incident (Young, 2000). Also when Rosa Parks was approached by the bus driver to move there were other African- American people sitting next to her, but because she spoke up first history gives her credit and was noticed by Dr. Martin Luther King. It needs to be known that many people were courageous in their act to fight for equal rights. Basically Parks was at the right place at the right time, ââ¬Å"Parks arrest sparked a chain reaction that started the bus boycott that launched the civil rights movement that transformed the apartheid of Americaââ¬â¢s southern states from a local idiosyncrasy to an international scandal. It was her individual courage that triggered the collective display of defiance that turned a previously unknown 26-year-old preacher, Martin Luther King, into a household nameâ⬠(Younge, 2000). Dr. Martin Luther King name goes down in history as the most well known activists through the years. He was known as a non violent activist, in which he adapted the philosophy from Gandhi, which was respected not only by the black race but also by all other races. Kingââ¬â¢s speech ââ¬Å"I Have a Dreamâ⬠became what African-Americanââ¬â¢s live by for centuries to come. Also there was the, ââ¬Å"We Shall Overcomeâ⬠speech on August 23, 1963. Kingââ¬â¢s words at the capital that day were a defining moment of the Civil Rights movementâ⬠(Bowles, 2011). King fought for civil rights until the day he was killed. There was a protest at Fisk University in Nashville in which three students was disgusted at the fact blacks could not sit at the lunch counters to eat. C. T. Vivian, Diane Nash and Bernard Lafayette protested with others in Nashville on April 19, 1960. ââ¬Å"Nash confronted Mayor Ben West. In what she calls a ââ¬Å"divine inspiration,â⬠she asked the mayor to end racial segregation. He appealed to all not to discriminate. She asked him if he meant that to include lunch counters. He sidestepped. She said, ââ¬Å"Mayor, do you recommend that the lunch counters be desegregated? â⬠West said, ââ¬Å"Yes,â⬠and the battle was won. Within days, integration beganâ⬠(Weier, 2001). While civil rights activists were fighting on the home front, African American men and women honorably performed their duties in two world wars. They bravely entered a military that was at odds about their presence and the appropriate roles for blacks. While more than 400,000 African American soldiers were going through basic training, receiving their assignments or facing the enemyââ¬â¢s bullets in World War I, riots against black citizens were escalating in the United States. By the time the Second World War ended, over one million black forces returned home to the U. S. equivalent of apartheid. Yet, with the knowledge of conditions at home, black soldiers still distinguished themselves in battles for freedoms, which they were unable to enjoy (Blakely, 1999). Discrimination was popular in the 1900ââ¬â¢s and African-Americans stood up to be treated as equal Americans as the whites, especially in the World War II. ââ¬Å"While willing to fight for their country, some also made a stand against discrimination while they served. For example, on April 12, 1945, the U. S. Army took 101 African American officers into custody because they directly refused an order from a superior officer. This was a serious charge because, if convicted, they would face the death penaltyâ⬠(Bowles, 2011). They wanted to get acknowledged for their bravery and accomplishments in the war just the white soldiers. America waited decades for the African ââ¬âAmerican soldiers of the World War II to get the proper acknowledgements they deserve, which was too little too late. ââ¬Å"These men were willing to die for the country; they were not eligible for many of the honors for their service. Though many deserved it, no African American could receive the Medal of Honor, the highest military award for bravery. Bill Clinton corrected this error 50 years later, bestowing the medal on seven men, but just one, Vernon Baker, was still alive (Bowles, 2011). These men were known as the Tuskegee Airmen and most of them died before receiving their honors. There were numerous movements and people, even African-American women whom had a hand in battling for equality. They had to fight not only for equality from racism, but also dealing with being judged by their gender. ââ¬Å"The Womenââ¬â¢s Service Section (WSS) investigated federally controlled railroad stations and yards at the end of World War I. Few women worked in car cleaning before the war, and railroad management preferred to block women workers, especially African Americans, from gaining any kind of foothold in railroad work. African American women were the single largest group of railroad car cleaners during this period but they were routinely denied adequate facilities, including toilets, locker rooms, and dining facilities throughout the railroad system. By raising the issues of facilities, workersââ¬â¢ rights, and public health, these women shaped federal policy and widened the agenda of the WSS to include a direct attack on segregated workplacesâ⬠Muhammad, (2011). Black women wanted to have the same rights as others for going to school with safety and security. ââ¬Å"In Brown v Board of Education (1954) the Supreme Court reversed its ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson. They held that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. This case marked the end of legal segregation in the USâ⬠. There were other significant African-American movements that changed history. ââ¬Å"Starting in the 1960s, blacks in Akron began to push for an end to discrimination using various tactics, such as political action, workshops, and employment drives. Opie Evans edited the Akronite and began pushing for changes in his magazine. Protests widened to include sit-ins and other demonstrationsâ⬠(McClain, 1996). African-Americans such as Martin Luther King Jr . and Malcolm X have become icons of the 1950ââ¬â¢s and 1960ââ¬â¢s, but the organizational skills and grassroots activism of women such as Ella Baker , Septima Clark , Rosa Parks and Fannie Lou Hamer propelled the movement forward to many successes and inspired a new generation of activists. African-Americans have come a long way fighting for equality and freedom every since the slavery time. They won their freedom and more equality than the ever had along with ending segregation. Many things have changed over the centuries, but African-Americans still fight everyday for different types of acknowledgements. They have fought hard to end segregation, most of discrimination, and isolation to attain equality and civil rights. References Blakely, Gloria. (1999). The 20th Century in CP Time: 1900-1949 ââ¬â We are a People. Sentinel,p. A8. Retrieved July 16, 2012, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 490544881). http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=490544881&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=74379&RQT=309&VName=PQD Bowles, M. D. (2011). American History 1865- Present, End of Isolation, San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved on June 11, 2012 from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUHIS204. 11. 2/sections/sec3. 7 Lawson, S. F. (2009). ââ¬Å"Segregation. â⬠Freedomââ¬â¢s Story, TeacherServe. National Humanities Center. Retrieved on July 16, 2012 from http://nationalhumanitiescenter. org/tserve/freedom/1865-1917/essays/segregation. htm | | Mcclain, S. R. , (1996). The Contributions of Blacks in Akron: 1825-1895, A Doctoral Dissertation, Retrieved on july 17, 2012 from http://www. ci. akron. oh. us/blackhist/timeline/index. htm Muhammad, R. (2011). SEPARATE AND UNSANITARY: African American Women Railroad Car Cleaners and the Womenââ¬â¢s Service Section, 1918-1920. Journal of Womenââ¬â¢s History, 23(2), 87-111,230. Retrieved July 16, 2012, from Research Library. (Document ID: 2377762701). http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=2377762701&sid=3&Fmt=3&clientId=74379&RQT=309&VName=PQD Weier, A. (2001). She Socked Segregation Civil Rights Leaders Still Inspires Students, Madison Capital Times. Madison, WI, Retrieved July 27, 2012 from ProQuest. http://search. proquest. com/docview/395202519? accountid=32521 Younge, G. (2000). She Would Not Be Moved. The Guardian. London, UK. , Retrieved July 28, 2012 from ProQuest. http://search. proquest. com/docview/245609939? accountid=32521. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-62977348032228980812020-01-03T08:55:00.001-08:002020-01-03T08:55:03.046-08:00Five Years Data Analysis for Taylor Wimpey Free Essay Example, 1500 words The company s focus is on maintaining the long term to equity ratio within an acceptable range however, trends do not indicate a particular pattern which can reflect upon the particular policy adopted by the firm to have a pre-determined ratio to follow. It seems that that the firm has a determined policy of adjusting its financing mix according to the economic conditions of the country. During 2009, the firm has been able to consolidate its debt and as such it has further rationalized its cash flows to release some pressure on its depleting resources. Most of the long term debt is in the form of debentures as well as bank loans whereas Bank loans and bonds are in multi-currency i. e. GBP and Canadian/US Dollars which can create significant risk for the firm in terms of foreign exchange risk. The debentures are issued at various rates and are of various maturities with last tranche of bonds to be expired in year 2019. It is critical to note that that the highest rate offered on bond s is 9.00% p. a. which matured in 2009 whereas rates offered on other tranches of bonds range from 4.98% to 6.8% p. a.We will write a custom essay sample on Five Years Data Analysis for Taylor Wimpey or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This step decline in the dividends paid out may also be attributed to the fact that the firm was going through a consolidation phase wherein it engaged itself into the consolidation phase and further consolidated its cash flows and rationalize its debt position. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-83676612948893196852019-12-26T05:22:00.001-08:002019-12-26T05:22:02.299-08:00Analysis Of Forest Mcdonad s States Rights And The Union In Forest McDonadââ¬â¢s States Rights and the Union: Imperium in the Imperio, 1776-1876, he simply begins the book by stating the main problem that the United States faced during the first one hundred years of existence: the state and national government authority were not easily separated. Before the time period of which McDonald analyzes, the people of the future country, the United States, lived in England, where the line between state and national government authority was clear. McDonald mentions the Act of Settlement of 1701 where Parliament decided the plan of succession, and he mentions how Parliament could not compromise when English colonists who were settled in America questioned their right to tax or make laws for the colonists.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Declaration of Independence is split up into three parts. The preamble states the beginning and the purpose of the country, the government being put into place, and how the government can be destroyed if necessa ry. The rather lengthy second part of the Declaration is filled with accusations of the King of Great Britain of the time. The actual declaration occurs in the third part of the document; in this part of the document, the states are declared free and independent where they hold the power to ââ¬Å"ââ¬â¢levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliancesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (10). Yet, the union itself can only do these three acts. The countryââ¬â¢s issue of determining where the statesââ¬â¢ and the unionââ¬â¢s power ends and begins starts with the first document of the entire existence of the United States. McDonald brings up the interesting point concerning War of 1812 again dealing where the authority of the government and the states lie. Many did not agree with going to war in the beginning, and even the votes in the Senate and the House were pretty divided. Those in the New England states protested and refused to fight in the war. According to the Declaration of Independen ce, the states are sovereign; yet, when the War of 1812 was on the horizon and without the approval from Congress, Madison issued for one hundred thousand men in the militia to gather and fight for the United States against the British. The people of the New England were furious; even the governor of Massachusetts hindered Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-17366522861474196432019-12-18T01:11:00.001-08:002019-12-18T01:11:02.643-08:00Malcolm X An Influential Leader Of The Civil Rights Era Malcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the civil rights era, along with Martin Luther King Jr. I have chosen this speech because I think it shows prime examples of rhetoric. This speech was very important to the people of the civil rights movement as it motivated and empowered them not to back down and to fight back with force. He was adamant in his resistance to white oppression and very militant in his actions. He both invigorated and separated the African Americans through his controversial views and speech and often urged black men and women to use violence. This was a definite contrast to the way of Martin Luther King conducted his followers, he preached peace and unity while X took a more aggressive approach. The Ballot or the Bullet became one of Malcolm X s most recognizable phrases along with by any means necessary . The Ballot or the Bullet speech was delivered on April 12, 1964, at Cory Methodist Church in Cleveland, Ohio. This speech can be seen as a call to action for the audience. There are many similarities between and differences between Malcolm xââ¬â¢s planned speech and Martin Luther Kingââ¬â¢s spontaneous speech. Martin Luther King was the leader of the peaceful protests that occurred in the civil rights movement. To this day his speeches are very important in the black community and are a very important part of black history. Dr King and Malcolm X are two of the most prominent African American leaders of the civilShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X and the Civil Rights Movement Essay730 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement includes social movements in the United States whose objective was to end racial segregation as well as discrimination against African-Americans. Civil rights are a class of rights that protects individuals freedom and ensure ones ability to participate in the civil and political life. Civil rights include the ensuring of life and safety, protection from an individual. The United States tries to get voting rights for them. The phase of the movement began in 1954 and endedRead MoreMalcolm X Essay855 Words à |à 4 PagesMalcolm X was one of the most prominent and controversial leaders during the civil rights era of the 1950ââ¬â¢s and 1960ââ¬â¢s. By the early 1960ââ¬â¢s he had grown frustrated with the non violent, integrated struggle for civil rights and worried that blacks would ultimately lose control of their own m ovement. Malcolm X was a key spokesman for the nation of Islam, epitomized the ââ¬Å"Black Powerâ⬠philosophy. Malcolm became an influential leader of the nation of islam, which combined Islam with black nationalismRead MoreFighting is not always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because,600 Words à |à 3 Pagesnot always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because, you are not going to win every fight, and there is always going to be someone bigger and better than you, but Malcolm X proved that sometimes it is ok fighting for what you believe is right. He fought for what he believed in, and that was full freedom and equal rights for African Americans. Malcolm X went from humiliation to admiration for fighting for what he believed was right to him. Malcolm X sacrificed his lifeRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1260 Words à |à 6 Pages It was an era where blacks couldnââ¬â¢t have the same rights as a white individual. African American were treated with hate and anger. The Civil Rights Movement is embodied in dramatic recorded speeches. Speeches like ââ¬Å"I have A Dreamâ⬠, the ââ¬Å"Black Revolutionâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"Black Powerââ¬â¢ and Coalition Politics. These speeches were written by great leaders. Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Bayard Rusting were just some of the wise leaders of the Civil Rights. However, these influential leaders had a differentRead MoreMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1547 Words à |à 7 Pages1960ââ¬â¢s was an era of major conflict between African Americans and whites in the United States which led to discrimination and disorder in the states. African Americans were fortunate to have outstanding leaders who fought for a difference and change during the Civil Rights movement. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two powerful individuals who gave hope to African Americans and oppressed people in the Un ited States. They are both well known individuals for their Civil Rights protestingRead MoreTurmoil During The Civil Rights Era843 Words à |à 4 Pages TURMOIL DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA Salma Nawar History Mr. Germaneri May 12, 2015 Nawar 1 Assassinations in American history have had a great impact on the social system. Upheavals based on opinion within a society cause chaos and discourse. Assassinations have major consequences not just on the country in question, but on everyone. For example, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to the United States entering World War I. The United States didnââ¬â¢t want to enterRead MoreThe Struggle Of The Civil Rights Movement1339 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is one of the most influential events from all of Americaââ¬â¢s history. This fight started long before the ââ¬Ë60s and has continued long after. All minority groups will face the struggle for rights at some time. This movement just happened to be for the African Americans in the 1960s. During this era, there were several leaders and events that experienced success in their endeavors to get rid of segregation and create equal opportunities for all. One of the most famous leadersRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Ballot or the Bullet Sppech by Malcolm X1359 Words à |à 6 PagesAs one of the most proficient civil rights activist of the 1960s, Malcolm X and his speeches were very influential but particularly one speech was highly esteemed, that being the Ballot or the Bullet speech. A speech that was given after the I have A Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. Despite, Dr. Martin Luther King being a pacifist and also a civil rights activist as well; Malcolm X was more tyrannical and advocated the use of violence. During this era, the democrats were in control of theRead MoreMalcolm X As A Transformational Leader2159 Words à |à 9 Pagesmovement for Black equality, Malcolm Little, later known as Malcolm X, evolved into a transformational leader. The effects of his leadership were felt around the world during the 1960s. Americans were faced with great uncertainty during this time. For all minority groups in the United States, p olitics, the government and its laws, and society as a whole were changing drastically. In response to years of oppression, a collection of concerned groups formed the civil rights movement which rallied AfricanRead MoreMalcolm X: By Any Means Necessary Communication Analysis509 Words à |à 2 Pages Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary Communication Analysis ââ¬Å"We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary.â⬠This famous quote was spoken by African-American Muslim and human rights activist Malcolm X in June of 1964. At this period of time America was going through the era of segregation and the civil rights movement so leaders like Malcolm X wished to bring blacks together to form strong organizations for change. Throughout Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-80875701354478174622019-12-09T21:52:00.001-08:002019-12-09T21:52:03.219-08:00A DollS House Essay On Marriage Example For Students A DollS House Essay On Marriage In the play A Dolls House, written by Henrik Ibsen, Nora, the main character of the play, decides to abandon her husband, her home and her children in order to find herself. She finally realizes she has to leave when confronted with a problem in her relationship with her husband, who keeps treating her like a doll, reflecting the childish treatment she always received from her father before. She decides to leave behind her family and move on and start over. Nora leaves the role of the doll child and doll wife she played her whole life, and becomes an independent self-thinking adult, when she realizes that the world is different than she always thought it was, and that she herself is not who she wants to be. Nora lives in a dream world, a child fantasy, where everything is perfect, and everything makes sense. She thinks that the world would never condemn a woman who tries to save her husbands life or protect a dying father. When confronted by Krogstad, who tells her it is against the law to sign someone elses signature, she responds: This I refuse to believe. A daughter hasnt a right to protect her dying father from anxiety and care? A wife hasnt a right to save her husbands life? I dont know much about laws, but Im sure that somewhere in the books these things are allowed. Nora simply does not understand the ways of the world, and the final realization that she is in real danger of risking hers and her husbands reputation, and worse, makes her snap out of the childish dream she had been living. Kristine, Noras childhood friend, is the wisdom and support Nora needs to grow up. Kristine is a woman who has been in the real world, unlike other wives of Torvalds friends. At the same time, Kristine is a friend from Noras childhood, a person who she can tell her problems to and relate to in some way. Also, unlike everyone else who surrounds Nora, Kristine tells her the truth, she does not pamper her. With Kristine, Nora can be herself, and speak her true feelings, which she cannot do with anybody else, including her husband. She confides in her What if Torvald heard? He mustnt, for anything in the world. Nobody must know Kristine, no one but you. Their open friendship is one of the motives that influences Nora to be honest with Torvald. She feels liberated, open minded, and comfortable to be able to express herself freely to Torvald. Torvald, being so busy with his life and his big ego, is never concerned about Noras thoughts and feelings upon any subject at all. He assumes, like most men at the time, that all Nora needs is protection and amusement, just like children that need to be sheltered from all harm, and taught how to behave properly. He orders her around throughout the whole play, and fancies showing her off to his friends, as a proud father would do so. Nora, when aware of the situation, realizes there is nothing else to do but to make him see her as a woman and an adult. When she tells him of the whole story, she is shocked to see his reaction. Then she realizes that while so busy doing tricks for him in order to make him happy, and always agreeing with him, behaving as she did with her father, she never really got to know the real Torvald. She never understood the real man; the stranger behind the husband and protector, as he never got to really know her, the woman behind the doll wife, the one he pampered and protected during the whole marriage. Her final discovery, that she had been living with a man who she has never known, and that she does not know herself at all. .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .postImageUrl , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:hover , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:visited , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:active { border:0!important; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:active , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Thesis writing Essay Her realization is the main motive for leaving her house. Knowing that only she can make the changes she needs in order to grow, Nora walks out of the house to find and educate herself. With the realization that her marriage had been a lie, the world is different outside, and that Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-69794066755721233902019-12-02T09:34:00.001-08:002019-12-02T09:34:04.166-08:00The Moon Essays - Lunar Science, Moon, Lunar Phase, Lunar Prospector The Moon The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth: orbit: 384,400 km from Earth diameter: 3476 km mass: 7.35e22 kg Called Luna by the Romans, Selene and Artemis by the Greeks, and many other names in other mythologies. The Moon, of course, has been known since prehistoric times. It is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. As the Moon orbits around the Earth once per month, the angle between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun changes; we see this as the cycle of the Moon's phases. The time between successive new moons is 29.5 days (709 hours), slightly different from the Moon's orbital period (measured against the stars) since the Earth moves a significant distance in its orbit around the Sun in that time. Due to its size and composition, the Moon is sometimes classified as a terrestrial planet along with Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The Moon was first visited by the Soviet spacecraft Luna 2 in 1959. It is the only extraterrestrial body to have been visited by humans. The first landing was on July 20, 1969 (do you remember where you were?); the last was in December 1972. The Moon is also the only body from which samples have been returned to Earth. In the summer of 1994, the Moon was very extensively mapped by the little spacecraft Clementine and again in 1999 by Lunar Prospector. The gravitational forces between the Earth and the Moon cause some interesting effects. The most obvious is the tides. The Moon's gravitational attraction is stronger on the side of the Earth nearest to the Moon and weaker on the opposite side. Since the Earth, and particularly the oceans, is not perfectly rigid it is stretched out along the line toward the Moon. From our perspective on the Earth's surface we see two small bulges, one in the direction of the Moon and one directly opposite. The effect is much stronger in the ocean water than in the solid crust so the water bulges are higher. And because the Earth rotates much faster than the Moon moves in its orbit, the bulges move around the Earth about once a day giving two high tides per day. But the Earth is not completely fluid, either. The Earth's rotation carries the Earth's bulges get slightly ahead of the point directly beneath the Moon. This means that the force between the Earth and the Moon is not exactly along the line between their centers producing a torque on the Earth and an accelerating force on the Moon. This causes a net transfer of rotational energy from the Earth to the Moon, slowing down the Earth's rotation by about 1.5 milliseconds/century and raising the Moon into a higher orbit by about 3.8 centimeters per year. (The opposite effect happens to satellites with unusual orbits such as Phobos and Triton). The asymmetric nature of this gravitational interaction is also responsible for the fact that the Moon rotates synchronously, i.e. it is locked in phase with its orbit so that the same side is always facing toward the Earth. Just as the Earth's rotation is now being slowed by the Moon's influence so in the distant past the Moon's rotation was slowed by the action of the Earth, but in that case the effect was much stronger. When the Moon's rotation rate was slowed to match its orbital period (such that the bulge always faced toward the Earth) there was no longer an off-center torque on the Moon and a stable situation was achieved. The same thing has happened to most of the other satellites in the solar system. Eventually, the Earth's rotation will be slowed to match the Moon's period, too, as is the case with Pluto and Charon. Actually, the Moon appears to wobble a bit (due to its slightly non-circular orbit) so that a few degrees of the far side can be seen from time to time, but the majority of the far side (left) was completely unknown until the Soviet spacecraft Luna 3 photographed it in 1959. (Note: there is no dark side of the Moon; all parts of the Moon get sunlight half the time. Some uses of the term dark Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-28941249582050443322019-11-27T01:28:00.001-08:002019-11-27T01:28:02.631-08:00No Extracurricular Activities Heres What You Should DoNo Extracurricular Activities Here's What You Should Do SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Extracurricular activities are one of the most important parts of your college application. After your test scores and grades, they are the best way for a college to get to know more about you and to understand what kind of student you might be on campus. But what if you have no extracurricular activities? Is all hope lost? Read on to find out why things might not be as bad as they seem and what you can do to make up for not havingextracurriculars. The extracurricular activity section on the Common Application is one of the most confusing for students because they donââ¬â¢t know what does and doesn't count as an extracurricular activity. If you havenââ¬â¢t been elected class president and arenââ¬â¢t on a varsity team, how are you supposed to fill up those ten spaces? What if you have no extracurriculars? In this article, I'll show you: How to determine if you actually have any extracurricular activities The reasons many myths about extracurricular activities are false Strategies to compensate for a lack of extracurricular activities, at every grade level When it's okaynot to have extracurricular activities Do You Really Have No Extracurriculars? The first step is to determine if you actually have zeroextracurricular activities. Most students actually have a few, but they just haven't realized it. Extracurricular activities can be almost anything you've done outside of the classroom that doesnââ¬â¢t count for school credit. Ideally, these things will also be something you're interested in ââ¬â even passionate about. The ideal is that over the course of your four years of high school, you will have explored different interests, developed them, and then decided to dedicate significant amounts of time to an activity. College admissions officers like to see these kinds of activities because they say a lot about what makes you tick, and what kind of person you are when you're committed to something. You can also show certain ââ¬Å"intangibleâ⬠qualities through your activities, such as leadership and the ability to follow through on something. Many students who think that they donââ¬â¢t have any extracurricular activities actually do, but they donââ¬â¢t think of their activities as ââ¬Å"realâ⬠extracurriculars. To see if you have an extracurricular (or two!), sit down and make a list of the following: How do you spend your time at school during lunch? Do you ever participate in groups at your high school, specific activities with your friends (like an intramural sport or a magic club), or interact with other students in a productive way, such as through tutoring? What do you do after school? Have you ever volunteered in the community or at your school? Do you have a job? Do you go straight home? If so, what do you do when you get there? Do you help look after your siblings or otherwise contribute to the house? What did you do last summer? Did you take any classes that werenââ¬â¢t required for school? Did you join a club or play a non-school sport? Did you have a job? What is your favorite hobby? Do you like anything unconventional, like playing the bagpipes? Or do you have more popular interests, like knitting, skiing or other activities that you do in your free time? Good news. If you can think of anything that you have spent a significant amount of time doing for a worthwhile reason, it can probably be counted as an extracurricular activity. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Can Anything Be an Extracurricular Activity? Unfortunately, not everything counts as an extracurricular. For example, if you have really spent all of your free time sitting in front of the television after school, and spent your summer playing video games, hanging out at the mall, or lounging by your country clubââ¬â¢s pool, you canââ¬â¢t list those as extracurricular activities. But at the same time, the list of things that do count as extracurriculars is a lot longer than people may think. Some students end up feeling discouraged because they buy into myths about what is and is not a valid activity. Myth #1: Extracurriculars have to be sponsored by your school. Truth #1: Extracurricular activities can be almost anything you are productively dedicated to. It can be an activity in your school, in your community, a nationwide group, or something that you find online. The key is that you get actively involved and make an impact with your involvement. Examples: Organizing a community festival andparticipating in a city orchestrado count as extracurricular activities! Myth #2: I donââ¬â¢t have any extracurriculars because I work or help out at home. Truth #2: Colleges also consider these kinds of activities to be extracurriculars and want to hear about them. Colleges understand that not all students have the luxury ââ¬â being time or money ââ¬â to participate in traditional activities because they have to help out at home or get a job. These count as very valid ways of spending your time. If this is the kind of activity you are involved in, you should try to think about how you have made an impact on your family and how these activities have impacted you. For example, you are likely a lot more responsible than the average high school student, and you probably have had to learn good time management skills. Many jobs will also allow you to take on roles where you can showcase your leadership and creativity ââ¬â so be on the outlook for those kinds of opportunities if work is going to be your main extracurricular! Examples: Tutoring your younger siblings at home after school or working at the local hardware shop to help bring in money for your familydo count as extracurricular activities. Myth #3: Extracurriculars canââ¬â¢t be academic. Truth #3: There are many extracurriculars that are related to academic activities. If you have written for a literary publication, joined a competitive math team, or have worked with a local community college professor on a science experiment, these all count as extracurricular activities. In fact, these sorts of activities are often highly regarded because they show a passion for an area of study. These are especially valuable activities if you are planning on pursuing something similar in college. Examples: Doing your homeworkdoes not countas an extracurricular activity. Writing for a literary publication and competing in a science competitiondo countas extracurricular activities. Myth #4: I spend all my time gaming/blogging/shopping/on social media, so I donââ¬â¢t have any extracurriculars. Truth #4: Sometimes even things that traditionally shouted ââ¬Å"lazy studentâ⬠can be morphed into college-worthy extracurricular activities. Blogging and social media are both professional pursuits. If you can show that you are dedicated to digital communication and you have made an impact in the online community ââ¬â for example, you have dedicated yourself to writing a tech help blog, or a YouTube channel about makeup ââ¬â you can count it as an extracurricular. In fact, someone at my college had few extracurriculars in high school apart from making what was, at the time, the most popular Harry Potter fan website. Over the course of four years in high school, what had started as a small website had grown to be a massively successful business where he connected people around the world over a shared passion. Similarly, things like shopping can be leveraged into a fashion interest, and gamers now have tournaments and other communal outlets. If your interests seem similar to these sorts of things, try to see what you can do to takeyour passion beyondyou sitting alone in a room and turn it into something that allows you to inspire or teach others. Examples: Playing video games at home alone or with friendsdoes not count as an extracurricular activity. Starting a gaming club at school and organizing a gaming tournament for charitydo count as an extracurricular activity. Myth #5: My passion involves only me, so it doesnââ¬â¢t count as an extracurricular. Truth #5: While itââ¬â¢s true that the most successful college applicants will usually have some sort of connection with the wider world ââ¬â through volunteer work or participation in group activities ââ¬â not all extracurriculars need to involve many people. If you have dedicated a lot of time over the years to developing a talent, such as art or playing a musical instrument, this also counts as an extracurricular activity. Example: Taking singing classesdoes count as an extracurricular activity. Myth #6: Iââ¬â¢m getting paid, so it doesnââ¬â¢t count. Truth #6: As Iââ¬â¢ve already stated, colleges are very interested to hear about the activities of students who have to work to help support themselves and their families. But other students who are not financially strapped also choose to get jobs. Even if you donââ¬â¢t need to work, it can be a good reflection of your personality if you choose to work in high school. Try to pursue something related to your future interests. Some students may also choose to do an internship over the summer, and this can be a great addition to your extracurricular list. If you go down this route, try to make sure that the job or internship you choose is something that is going to allow you to develop responsibility, teamwork, and leadership skills, and explore an area that you will be interested in pursuing either in college or professionally. Of course, if you choose to work when you donââ¬â¢t have to, it can take time away from other activities. Is it the right choice for you? Read out article on getting a job as a teenager to see. Example: Doing a paid summer internship with a tech companydoes count as an extracurricular activity. As you can see, there are a lot of things that count as extracurriculars. But what if you really have nothing at all that counts as an extracurricular? What If You Really Have No Extracurriculars? The answer to this question largely depends on how far along you are in high school. If You're a Freshman or a Sophomoreâ⬠¦ You're in luck! You have a lot of time to develop your extracurricular list. If you are a freshman, I would recommend trying a lot of different activities to see what interests you most. By sophomore year, you ideally should have some sort of idea about what interests you, and you should start to narrow your focus to just those activities. As you get older, itââ¬â¢s important to start showing dedication to a few different activities that you are passionate about. Itââ¬â¢s even better if you can show leadership and growth in your activities. If You're a Juniorâ⬠¦ At this stage, you are running out of time. Many college admissions officers will think that if someone who has previously had no activities start to join a bunch of activities in their junior year, that they are just doing it for college applications as opposed to doing it to develop a passion or to explore a real interest. However, starting something in your junior year is still infinitely better than doing nothing at all. Narrow your focus to one or two activities and get as involved as your schedule will allow. Try to take on leadership responsibilities as soon as possible, and work hard to make a difference in whatever activity or organization you choose to join. Tryto completespecific, quantifiable goals that show that you have left the organization better than you found it. For example, run a membership drive and take note of how many new members you can persuade to join a club, or organize a fundraiser and keep track of how much money you make. Ideally, choose an activity that you will be able to continue into college. The Common App has a place for you to mark if you are interested in continuing your activities into college. If you can genuinely answer "yes" to this question, you will come across as more interested in your chosen activity and appear less like someone who just took up an activity to have something to put on your application. (Remember, you should never lie on your application, even about something as seemingly harmless about your intention to continue with an activity.) In your college application (in the "Additional Information section" or in an essay, if appropriate), you may want to address why you started your activities late in your high school career, and what you managed to contribute and learn through the activities you started your junior year. If You're a Seniorâ⬠¦ Unfortunately, if you have spent your entire high school career genuinely doing no extracurriculars, you've hurt your chances of getting into many schools. While college admissions officers realize that students canââ¬â¢t do everything ââ¬â and in fact, itââ¬â¢s better if you donââ¬â¢t try to do everything ââ¬â your application will be much less competitive because you have chosen to do nothing. At this point, I would recommend two things: Firstly, focus on your test scores and application essays. Many less competitive schools will accept students based just off of grades and test scores. If you are already a senior, thereââ¬â¢s not much you can do about your grades (itââ¬â¢s a bit late to turn a 2.0 into a 4.0) ââ¬â but you can definitely impress with a top SAT or ACT score. Similarly, sometimes students can really sway an admission committeeââ¬â¢s opinion with a fantastic essay that shows strong passion for something. Though you wonââ¬â¢t be able to back up this passion with an extracurricular, your essays are now the best way you have to express who you are as a person, what kind of college student you will become, and what your goals and interests are for the future. Also keep in mind that grades still matter in senior year. Donââ¬â¢t slack! Secondly, start doing an extracurricular activity now. Choose one that you can be very involved in over the course of senior year and in which you can make a real impact (again, make this a quantifiable one where you can actually list what you have achieved). If you wait until the application deadline for most schools, this will give you 5 months of an activity. While thatââ¬â¢s not great, itââ¬â¢s better than nothing, especially if you can show how youââ¬â¢ve made a difference and how it has changed you. Continue doing the activity for the rest of your senior year. If you end up appealing a rejection in the spring, it will work in your favor to have continued the activity. What Should You Not Do? Donââ¬â¢t lie on your application. If you've chosen to not do anything outside of the classroom, then you shouldnââ¬â¢t try to fix that with dishonesty. If your colleges find out, they may decide to rescind any offers they made based on who you misrepresented yourself to be. Instead, make sure that you present yourself as you are, and talk about your future goals and passions in your essays. Are There Any Exceptions? Of course, there are always some exceptions. If you haven't developed any extracurricular activities because you experienced exceptional hardships throughout high school that prevented you from participating, you should make this very obvious on your application in the "Additional Information" section. College admissions officers will appreciate your openness in discussing why you couldn't participate in what otherwise is a very important part of the high school experience. Whatââ¬â¢s Next? Check out our list of extracurricular activities if you need inspiration for an activity to choose. If youââ¬â¢ve realized that you do have extracurriculars, check out our guide for how to write about extracurriculars on your college application. Getting ready to write those essays? Learn the basics of the personal statement. If your extracurricular list is weak, focus on your test scores. Hereââ¬â¢s how to score perfectly on the SAT and ACT. Struggling to write about extracurriculars on your college application?Check out our in-depth guide to crafting a compelling narrative about your extracurriculars. Read it for free now: Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-41868557674067009442019-11-23T09:02:00.001-08:002019-11-23T09:02:03.622-08:00Terms Every Aspiring Journalist Needs to LearnTerms Every Aspiring Journalist Needs to Learn Journalism, like any profession, has its own set of terms, its own lingo, that any working reporter must know in order to understand what people are talking about in a newsroom and to help produce a great news story. Here then are 10 terms that you should know. Lede The lede is the first sentence of a hard-news story; a succinct summary of the storyââ¬â¢s main point. Ledes should typically be a single sentence or no more than 35 to 40 words. The best ledes are ones that highlight the most important, newsworthy and interesting aspects of a news story while leaving out secondary details that can be included later in the story.ââ¬â¹ Inverted Pyramid The inverted pyramid is the model used to describe how a news story is structured. It means the heaviest or most important news goes at the top of the story, and the lightest, or least important, goes at the bottom. As you move from the top to the bottom of the story, the information presented should gradually become less important. That way, if an editor needs to cut the story to make it fit a particular space, she can cut from the bottom without losing any vital information. Copy Copy simply refers to the content of a news article. Think of it as another word for content. So when we refer to a copy editor, were talking about someone who edits news stories. Beat A beat is a particular area or topic that a reporter covers. On a typical local newspaper, youll have an array of reporters who cover such beats as the police, courts, city hall and school board. At larger papers, beats can become even more specialized. Papers like The New York Times have reporters who cover national security, the Supreme Court, high-tech industries and health care. Byline The byline is the name of the reporter who writes a news story. Bylines are usually placed at the beginning of an article. Dateline The dateline is the city from which a news story originates. This is usually placed at the start of the article, right after the byline. If a story has both a dateline and a byline, that generally indicates that the reporter who wrote the article was actually in the city named in the dateline. But if a reporter is in, say, New York, and is writing about an event in Chicago, he must choose between having a byline but no dateline, or vice versa.à Source A source is anyone you interview for a news story. In most cases, sources are on-the-record, which means they are fully identified, by name and position, in the article for which they have been interviewed. Anonymous source This is a source who does not want to be identified in a news story. Editors generally frown upon using anonymous sources because they are less credible than on-the-record sources, but sometimes anonymous sources are necessary. Attribution Attribution means telling readers where the information in a news story comes from. This is important because reporters dont always have firsthand access to all the information needed for a story; they must rely on sources, such as police, prosecutors or other officials for information. AP Style This refers to Associated Press Style, which is the standardized format and usage for writing news copy. AP Style is followed by most U.S. newspapers and websites. You can learn AP Style for the AP Stylebook. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-149863015650724852019-11-21T04:38:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:38:05.346-08:00Any topic concerning US or World economy(within the past month to Article - 1Any topic concerning US or World economy(within the past month to date) using an WSJ , web or any newspaper - Article Example Allowing religious services on schools would identify schools with Christianity which is usually practiced on Sundays. In 1995, the city was sued by the Bronx Household of Faith for the policy, arguing for the protection of religious freedom that was supposedly violated by the prevailing policy. While the church generally holds services in the Public School 15 on the Bronx, it has constructed a new community space for worshipping in the vicinity. In 1998,the church lost the lawsuit but won space inside the school temporarily on the year 2002 when the city was stopped from enforcing the ban by a federal judge. The church win in the District Court in 2012, but the decision was overruled by the Second Circuit. Despite the fact that the mayors decision is against the schools Chancellors previous public statements, many people approve of the mayors decision as it gives more freedom to the religious organizations in the Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-23393471225827289282019-11-19T21:32:00.001-08:002019-11-19T21:32:02.403-08:00Nurse Manager and Nurse Practitioner Research PaperNurse Manager and Nurse Practitioner - Research Paper Example They are expected to gather information from their colleagues, consulting library materials so as to respond accurately to the specific needs of their patients. On the other hand, the nurse managers are charged with the responsibility of formulation of the Evidence-Based practices through four main steps. The first step is to generate the desire for information in form of a question which can be closely associated with available practices, initiatives or results. The second part is the location as well as the identification of the most accurate evidences available in the surrounding area. The third stage that nurse managers focus on in the formulation process, is to design a new approach to the in the methods to be adopted in the evaluation of its effectiveness. The final step is to foresee the implementation of the practice in order to establish if it is worth carried out as it is. The nurse mangers further act as models of change to be followed by the nurse practitioners. They facilitate the process of implementation through the provision of the necessary resources and moral support that is needed (Melnyk, Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-58979243097056266882019-11-17T10:03:00.001-08:002019-11-17T10:03:03.596-08:00Cognitive Processes Paper Essay Example for Free Cognitive Processes Paper Essay Subliminal perception is believed to be effected by its based finding of mind control, weather itââ¬â¢s one person or group of people. Mind control can be used on a group of people without their awareness. The perception of this idea is to get people to do things that would not normally do. For instance, during the 1950s there was a message that says Drink Coca-Cola which attack many people into trying this product or making them thirsty for a cold Coca Cola. This ad was used enter a person mind while making them thirsty for the item, because the company wants to sell their product (Pratkanis, 1992). This ad was used in order to send a subliminal message to the unconscious mind so they would try the product without knowing they were being control in to doing something they did not want to do. The company strategically is to mind persuade or manipulated each individual into doing what the company what the individual to without them knowing they are being brainwash into doing something new. Once an individual feeds into an ad, the subliminal message has persuaded several individual into trying or buying a new product. Subliminal Perception is a manipulation of thoughts, attitudes, and a behavior which is observes by their awareness of stimulus. Since there is some controversy, there is adequate evidence on how observerââ¬â¢s response can be affected by the stimuli in which they claim how they have not seen. The cognitive psychologist is not predominantly devastating, but the media and the public has responded several times to the notion of subliminal perception. Most people do not think of being subliminal manipulation but we need to determine whether the conditions are reflected within the product. So now each individual is control into purchasing these items without knowing how they were manipulated into making a purchase. Throughout the years subliminal perception has been used on many advertisements in order to influence each person to purchase their product weather they need it or not (Moore 1982, 1988). Visual perception is what we our eyes and brain does on daily basics. When looking at images we see them as a whole instead of in sections. Although, images can be broken into their visual elements, such as shapes, lines texture and color. These images that we see allow our eyes to focus helps our brain to get acquainted with the image, in order for us to transmit the information into our brain. Psychologist explains the process of the physical energy which is received by the sense organs. These sensory are converted into perceptions of sight, sound smell taste, and touch (McLeod, 2007). Since there are two different approaches of visual perception, the first approach is to perceive the constructive while approaching the pondering. The direct approach is to emphases the richness of the visual environment from moment to moment. Whereas the constructive approach is what could be considered the subsequent steps of the visual experience which include the roles of memory, imagination while problem solving the world as we see it. Although, the constructive approach attend to focus more on the cognitive factors rather than specify the aspects of visual stimulus (Rochat 1999) When processing the visual perception their main focus emphasize on the top down interpretation which inherent the expectation of our knowledge while surrounding the information of the cognitive factors. Wagner and Sparrow (2004) talk about the direct bodily feedback from the visual perception and how their action is significant and appreciate to the three dimensional worlds. Vision is the majority prevailing sense; in which we use for all information throughout the world. Once we open our eyes there is some form of light that enters our eye while processing this information to our brain. Once this information has enter our brain we see object and how they operate and they way they move. Visual perception has taken a different approach of perception, beginning with its function of vision which serves as an active observer within the environment. The general induction of our current knowledge is to study the vision and its function (Wade Swanston, 2001). Auditory perception has the capability to recognize and understand sound with explicit organs, such as a person ear. Each sound can exists in the form of vibrations which can travel through the air or other substances. Our ears can identify the sound of vibrations, while converting it into a nerve impulse which is immediately sent to the brain where it can be distinguish. If an individual is deaf he or she has no auditory perception because they cannot interpret any sound. Although, when it comes to animals they can make out different sound, especially dogs they are skilled in perceiving sounds of a very high pitch where as humans cannot hear a sound of that capacity. There are several factors that can affect the auditory perception further than hearing any type of sounds. Our brain is mostly responsible for it many processes it can turn a large group of incoming noise into something useful and clear. Auditory perception discrimination is a process of being able to know the differences between sounds; however it is tremendously important to know the language of sound as if it was speaking different sounds. Among the affect of discrimination the foreground and the background is a significant part of auditory discrimination. Itââ¬â¢s important to be focus on the important noises so the not so important notice will not be so overwhelming to the human ear. ( Broadbent, 1958, and Cherry 1953). Reference Michael T. Swanston; Nicholas J. Wade Authors Visual Perception An Introduction 2nd Edition. McLeod, S, A. (2007). Visual Perception Retrieved from www.simplypschology.org Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4857791729678626037.post-18955778180685791362019-11-14T22:34:00.001-08:002019-11-14T22:34:02.690-08:00A Comparison of Contemporary American Notions of Happiness to the Epicu People who are viewed as happy in our culture today are also seen as being rich, having a loving family, and a great occupation. Our society is attracted to material things, rather than spiritual ones. Can a person who does not have many possessions and an elevated social position still live a happy life? Epicurus believed that each one of us could achieve true happiness, and our only problem is that we stubbornly search for it in all the wrong places. Epicurus states that we only need three things to be happy besides the essentials needed for survival: friends, freedom, and an analyzed life. I will be comparing contemporary American notions of happiness to the Epicurean view. In our contemporary American life we have the desire for things that we do not really need to make us happy. Our commercial world intends to sell us substitutes for the things we truly need in order to be happy. We replace our real needs with things like clothing, furniture, cars, nice houses, and many other unessential items. Many individuals place the blame for an unhappy lifestyle on their occupation, and search out alternatives such as material items. We are happy when we receive things fast, because of our lack of patience, and because we simply enjoy the hassle free lifestyle. Our technological advances have made many things easy for us and it brings us some joy. Examples include that we rather drive than walk, and eat from unhealthy fast food restaurants than cook a meal ourselves. We see advertisements everywhere selling us products to make us happy, however the happiness from sex, food, and excitement are pleasures that are short lived. If we took away all unnecessary items for survival from our society today, could we still be happy? ... ...death, and the supernatural. Money cannot buy you analyzed thoughts about your life, or help you cope with the emotional effects of illness or death. Epicureans are looking for peace and freedom from fear and pain. Pleasure is how human beings can sense they are doing something right. I believe that a simpler life in general would help people live a happier lifestyle. We must have the essential needs for survival; however the unnecessary materialistic items are not needed and cannot bring happiness. We all can benefit from living a more Epicurean life, and we should take their advice to focus on friendship, independence, and thinking rationally. Bibliography ââ¬Å"Letter to Menoeceus,â⬠http://www.epicurus.net/en/menoeceus.html ââ¬Å"Letter to Idomeneus,â⬠http://www.epicurus.net/en/idomeneus.html ââ¬Å"Letter to Herodotus,â⬠http://www.epicurus.net/en/herodotus.html Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15542248573324200637noreply@blogger.com0