Thursday, December 26, 2019

Analysis Of Forest Mcdonad s States Rights And The Union

In Forest McDonad’s States Rights and the Union: Imperium in the Imperio, 1776-1876, he simply begins the book by stating the main problem that the United States faced during the first one hundred years of existence: the state and national government authority were not easily separated. Before the time period of which McDonald analyzes, the people of the future country, the United States, lived in England, where the line between state and national government authority was clear. McDonald mentions the Act of Settlement of 1701 where Parliament decided the plan of succession, and he mentions how Parliament could not compromise when English colonists who were settled in America questioned their right to tax or make laws for the colonists.†¦show more content†¦The Declaration of Independence is split up into three parts. The preamble states the beginning and the purpose of the country, the government being put into place, and how the government can be destroyed if necessa ry. The rather lengthy second part of the Declaration is filled with accusations of the King of Great Britain of the time. The actual declaration occurs in the third part of the document; in this part of the document, the states are declared free and independent where they hold the power to â€Å"’levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (10). Yet, the union itself can only do these three acts. The country’s issue of determining where the states’ and the union’s power ends and begins starts with the first document of the entire existence of the United States. McDonald brings up the interesting point concerning War of 1812 again dealing where the authority of the government and the states lie. Many did not agree with going to war in the beginning, and even the votes in the Senate and the House were pretty divided. Those in the New England states protested and refused to fight in the war. According to the Declaration of Independen ce, the states are sovereign; yet, when the War of 1812 was on the horizon and without the approval from Congress, Madison issued for one hundred thousand men in the militia to gather and fight for the United States against the British. The people of the New England were furious; even the governor of Massachusetts hindered

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Malcolm X An Influential Leader Of The Civil Rights Era

Malcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the civil rights era, along with Martin Luther King Jr. I have chosen this speech because I think it shows prime examples of rhetoric. This speech was very important to the people of the civil rights movement as it motivated and empowered them not to back down and to fight back with force. He was adamant in his resistance to white oppression and very militant in his actions. He both invigorated and separated the African Americans through his controversial views and speech and often urged black men and women to use violence. This was a definite contrast to the way of Martin Luther King conducted his followers, he preached peace and unity while X took a more aggressive approach. The Ballot or the Bullet became one of Malcolm X s most recognizable phrases along with by any means necessary . The Ballot or the Bullet speech was delivered on April 12, 1964, at Cory Methodist Church in Cleveland, Ohio. This speech can be seen as a call to action for the audience. There are many similarities between and differences between Malcolm x’s planned speech and Martin Luther King’s spontaneous speech. Martin Luther King was the leader of the peaceful protests that occurred in the civil rights movement. To this day his speeches are very important in the black community and are a very important part of black history. Dr King and Malcolm X are two of the most prominent African American leaders of the civilShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X and the Civil Rights Movement Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement includes social movements in the United States whose objective was to end racial segregation as well as discrimination against African-Americans. Civil rights are a class of rights that protects individuals freedom and ensure ones ability to participate in the civil and political life. Civil rights include the ensuring of life and safety, protection from an individual. The United States tries to get voting rights for them. The phase of the movement began in 1954 and endedRead MoreMalcolm X Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesMalcolm X was one of the most prominent and controversial leaders during the civil rights era of the 1950’s and 1960’s. By the early 1960’s he had grown frustrated with the non violent, integrated struggle for civil rights and worried that blacks would ultimately lose control of their own m ovement. Malcolm X was a key spokesman for the nation of Islam, epitomized the â€Å"Black Power† philosophy. Malcolm became an influential leader of the nation of islam, which combined Islam with black nationalismRead MoreFighting is not always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because,600 Words   |  3 Pagesnot always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because, you are not going to win every fight, and there is always going to be someone bigger and better than you, but Malcolm X proved that sometimes it is ok fighting for what you believe is right. He fought for what he believed in, and that was full freedom and equal rights for African Americans. Malcolm X went from humiliation to admiration for fighting for what he believed was right to him. Malcolm X sacrificed his lifeRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1260 Words   |  6 Pages It was an era where blacks couldn’t have the same rights as a white individual. African American were treated with hate and anger. The Civil Rights Movement is embodied in dramatic recorded speeches. Speeches like â€Å"I have A Dream†, the â€Å"Black Revolution†, and â€Å"Black Power’ and Coalition Politics. These speeches were written by great leaders. Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Bayard Rusting were just some of the wise leaders of the Civil Rights. However, these influential leaders had a differentRead MoreMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pages1960’s was an era of major conflict between African Americans and whites in the United States which led to discrimination and disorder in the states. African Americans were fortunate to have outstanding leaders who fought for a difference and change during the Civil Rights movement. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two powerful individuals who gave hope to African Americans and oppressed people in the Un ited States. They are both well known individuals for their Civil Rights protestingRead MoreTurmoil During The Civil Rights Era843 Words   |  4 Pages TURMOIL DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA Salma Nawar History Mr. Germaneri May 12, 2015 Nawar 1 Assassinations in American history have had a great impact on the social system. Upheavals based on opinion within a society cause chaos and discourse. Assassinations have major consequences not just on the country in question, but on everyone. For example, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to the United States entering World War I. The United States didn’t want to enterRead MoreThe Struggle Of The Civil Rights Movement1339 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is one of the most influential events from all of America’s history. This fight started long before the ‘60s and has continued long after. All minority groups will face the struggle for rights at some time. This movement just happened to be for the African Americans in the 1960s. During this era, there were several leaders and events that experienced success in their endeavors to get rid of segregation and create equal opportunities for all. One of the most famous leadersRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Ballot or the Bullet Sppech by Malcolm X1359 Words   |  6 PagesAs one of the most proficient civil rights activist of the 1960s, Malcolm X and his speeches were very influential but particularly one speech was highly esteemed, that being the Ballot or the Bullet speech. A speech that was given after the I have A Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. Despite, Dr. Martin Luther King being a pacifist and also a civil rights activist as well; Malcolm X was more tyrannical and advocated the use of violence. During this era, the democrats were in control of theRead MoreMalcolm X As A Transformational Leader2159 Words   |  9 Pagesmovement for Black equality, Malcolm Little, later known as Malcolm X, evolved into a transformational leader. The effects of his leadership were felt around the world during the 1960s. Americans were faced with great uncertainty during this time. For all minority groups in the United States, p olitics, the government and its laws, and society as a whole were changing drastically. In response to years of oppression, a collection of concerned groups formed the civil rights movement which rallied AfricanRead MoreMalcolm X: By Any Means Necessary Communication Analysis509 Words   |  2 Pages Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary Communication Analysis â€Å"We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary.† This famous quote was spoken by African-American Muslim and human rights activist Malcolm X in June of 1964. At this period of time America was going through the era of segregation and the civil rights movement so leaders like Malcolm X wished to bring blacks together to form strong organizations for change. Throughout

Monday, December 9, 2019

A DollS House Essay On Marriage Example For Students

A DollS House Essay On Marriage In the play A Dolls House, written by Henrik Ibsen, Nora, the main character of the play, decides to abandon her husband, her home and her children in order to find herself. She finally realizes she has to leave when confronted with a problem in her relationship with her husband, who keeps treating her like a doll, reflecting the childish treatment she always received from her father before. She decides to leave behind her family and move on and start over. Nora leaves the role of the doll child and doll wife she played her whole life, and becomes an independent self-thinking adult, when she realizes that the world is different than she always thought it was, and that she herself is not who she wants to be. Nora lives in a dream world, a child fantasy, where everything is perfect, and everything makes sense. She thinks that the world would never condemn a woman who tries to save her husbands life or protect a dying father. When confronted by Krogstad, who tells her it is against the law to sign someone elses signature, she responds: This I refuse to believe. A daughter hasnt a right to protect her dying father from anxiety and care? A wife hasnt a right to save her husbands life? I dont know much about laws, but Im sure that somewhere in the books these things are allowed. Nora simply does not understand the ways of the world, and the final realization that she is in real danger of risking hers and her husbands reputation, and worse, makes her snap out of the childish dream she had been living. Kristine, Noras childhood friend, is the wisdom and support Nora needs to grow up. Kristine is a woman who has been in the real world, unlike other wives of Torvalds friends. At the same time, Kristine is a friend from Noras childhood, a person who she can tell her problems to and relate to in some way. Also, unlike everyone else who surrounds Nora, Kristine tells her the truth, she does not pamper her. With Kristine, Nora can be herself, and speak her true feelings, which she cannot do with anybody else, including her husband. She confides in her What if Torvald heard? He mustnt, for anything in the world. Nobody must know Kristine, no one but you. Their open friendship is one of the motives that influences Nora to be honest with Torvald. She feels liberated, open minded, and comfortable to be able to express herself freely to Torvald. Torvald, being so busy with his life and his big ego, is never concerned about Noras thoughts and feelings upon any subject at all. He assumes, like most men at the time, that all Nora needs is protection and amusement, just like children that need to be sheltered from all harm, and taught how to behave properly. He orders her around throughout the whole play, and fancies showing her off to his friends, as a proud father would do so. Nora, when aware of the situation, realizes there is nothing else to do but to make him see her as a woman and an adult. When she tells him of the whole story, she is shocked to see his reaction. Then she realizes that while so busy doing tricks for him in order to make him happy, and always agreeing with him, behaving as she did with her father, she never really got to know the real Torvald. She never understood the real man; the stranger behind the husband and protector, as he never got to really know her, the woman behind the doll wife, the one he pampered and protected during the whole marriage. Her final discovery, that she had been living with a man who she has never known, and that she does not know herself at all. .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .postImageUrl , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:hover , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:visited , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:active { border:0!important; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:active , .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06 .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue48c1760d39bd51308b73334fa952f06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Thesis writing Essay Her realization is the main motive for leaving her house. Knowing that only she can make the changes she needs in order to grow, Nora walks out of the house to find and educate herself. With the realization that her marriage had been a lie, the world is different outside, and that

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Moon Essays - Lunar Science, Moon, Lunar Phase, Lunar Prospector

The Moon The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth: orbit: 384,400 km from Earth diameter: 3476 km mass: 7.35e22 kg Called Luna by the Romans, Selene and Artemis by the Greeks, and many other names in other mythologies. The Moon, of course, has been known since prehistoric times. It is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. As the Moon orbits around the Earth once per month, the angle between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun changes; we see this as the cycle of the Moon's phases. The time between successive new moons is 29.5 days (709 hours), slightly different from the Moon's orbital period (measured against the stars) since the Earth moves a significant distance in its orbit around the Sun in that time. Due to its size and composition, the Moon is sometimes classified as a terrestrial planet along with Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The Moon was first visited by the Soviet spacecraft Luna 2 in 1959. It is the only extraterrestrial body to have been visited by humans. The first landing was on July 20, 1969 (do you remember where you were?); the last was in December 1972. The Moon is also the only body from which samples have been returned to Earth. In the summer of 1994, the Moon was very extensively mapped by the little spacecraft Clementine and again in 1999 by Lunar Prospector. The gravitational forces between the Earth and the Moon cause some interesting effects. The most obvious is the tides. The Moon's gravitational attraction is stronger on the side of the Earth nearest to the Moon and weaker on the opposite side. Since the Earth, and particularly the oceans, is not perfectly rigid it is stretched out along the line toward the Moon. From our perspective on the Earth's surface we see two small bulges, one in the direction of the Moon and one directly opposite. The effect is much stronger in the ocean water than in the solid crust so the water bulges are higher. And because the Earth rotates much faster than the Moon moves in its orbit, the bulges move around the Earth about once a day giving two high tides per day. But the Earth is not completely fluid, either. The Earth's rotation carries the Earth's bulges get slightly ahead of the point directly beneath the Moon. This means that the force between the Earth and the Moon is not exactly along the line between their centers producing a torque on the Earth and an accelerating force on the Moon. This causes a net transfer of rotational energy from the Earth to the Moon, slowing down the Earth's rotation by about 1.5 milliseconds/century and raising the Moon into a higher orbit by about 3.8 centimeters per year. (The opposite effect happens to satellites with unusual orbits such as Phobos and Triton). The asymmetric nature of this gravitational interaction is also responsible for the fact that the Moon rotates synchronously, i.e. it is locked in phase with its orbit so that the same side is always facing toward the Earth. Just as the Earth's rotation is now being slowed by the Moon's influence so in the distant past the Moon's rotation was slowed by the action of the Earth, but in that case the effect was much stronger. When the Moon's rotation rate was slowed to match its orbital period (such that the bulge always faced toward the Earth) there was no longer an off-center torque on the Moon and a stable situation was achieved. The same thing has happened to most of the other satellites in the solar system. Eventually, the Earth's rotation will be slowed to match the Moon's period, too, as is the case with Pluto and Charon. Actually, the Moon appears to wobble a bit (due to its slightly non-circular orbit) so that a few degrees of the far side can be seen from time to time, but the majority of the far side (left) was completely unknown until the Soviet spacecraft Luna 3 photographed it in 1959. (Note: there is no dark side of the Moon; all parts of the Moon get sunlight half the time. Some uses of the term dark

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

No Extracurricular Activities Heres What You Should Do

No Extracurricular Activities Here's What You Should Do SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Extracurricular activities are one of the most important parts of your college application. After your test scores and grades, they are the best way for a college to get to know more about you and to understand what kind of student you might be on campus. But what if you have no extracurricular activities? Is all hope lost? Read on to find out why things might not be as bad as they seem and what you can do to make up for not havingextracurriculars. The extracurricular activity section on the Common Application is one of the most confusing for students because they don’t know what does and doesn't count as an extracurricular activity. If you haven’t been elected class president and aren’t on a varsity team, how are you supposed to fill up those ten spaces? What if you have no extracurriculars? In this article, I'll show you: How to determine if you actually have any extracurricular activities The reasons many myths about extracurricular activities are false Strategies to compensate for a lack of extracurricular activities, at every grade level When it's okaynot to have extracurricular activities Do You Really Have No Extracurriculars? The first step is to determine if you actually have zeroextracurricular activities. Most students actually have a few, but they just haven't realized it. Extracurricular activities can be almost anything you've done outside of the classroom that doesn’t count for school credit. Ideally, these things will also be something you're interested in – even passionate about. The ideal is that over the course of your four years of high school, you will have explored different interests, developed them, and then decided to dedicate significant amounts of time to an activity. College admissions officers like to see these kinds of activities because they say a lot about what makes you tick, and what kind of person you are when you're committed to something. You can also show certain â€Å"intangible† qualities through your activities, such as leadership and the ability to follow through on something. Many students who think that they don’t have any extracurricular activities actually do, but they don’t think of their activities as â€Å"real† extracurriculars. To see if you have an extracurricular (or two!), sit down and make a list of the following: How do you spend your time at school during lunch? Do you ever participate in groups at your high school, specific activities with your friends (like an intramural sport or a magic club), or interact with other students in a productive way, such as through tutoring? What do you do after school? Have you ever volunteered in the community or at your school? Do you have a job? Do you go straight home? If so, what do you do when you get there? Do you help look after your siblings or otherwise contribute to the house? What did you do last summer? Did you take any classes that weren’t required for school? Did you join a club or play a non-school sport? Did you have a job? What is your favorite hobby? Do you like anything unconventional, like playing the bagpipes? Or do you have more popular interests, like knitting, skiing or other activities that you do in your free time? Good news. If you can think of anything that you have spent a significant amount of time doing for a worthwhile reason, it can probably be counted as an extracurricular activity. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Can Anything Be an Extracurricular Activity? Unfortunately, not everything counts as an extracurricular. For example, if you have really spent all of your free time sitting in front of the television after school, and spent your summer playing video games, hanging out at the mall, or lounging by your country club’s pool, you can’t list those as extracurricular activities. But at the same time, the list of things that do count as extracurriculars is a lot longer than people may think. Some students end up feeling discouraged because they buy into myths about what is and is not a valid activity. Myth #1: Extracurriculars have to be sponsored by your school. Truth #1: Extracurricular activities can be almost anything you are productively dedicated to. It can be an activity in your school, in your community, a nationwide group, or something that you find online. The key is that you get actively involved and make an impact with your involvement. Examples: Organizing a community festival andparticipating in a city orchestrado count as extracurricular activities! Myth #2: I don’t have any extracurriculars because I work or help out at home. Truth #2: Colleges also consider these kinds of activities to be extracurriculars and want to hear about them. Colleges understand that not all students have the luxury – being time or money – to participate in traditional activities because they have to help out at home or get a job. These count as very valid ways of spending your time. If this is the kind of activity you are involved in, you should try to think about how you have made an impact on your family and how these activities have impacted you. For example, you are likely a lot more responsible than the average high school student, and you probably have had to learn good time management skills. Many jobs will also allow you to take on roles where you can showcase your leadership and creativity – so be on the outlook for those kinds of opportunities if work is going to be your main extracurricular! Examples: Tutoring your younger siblings at home after school or working at the local hardware shop to help bring in money for your familydo count as extracurricular activities. Myth #3: Extracurriculars can’t be academic. Truth #3: There are many extracurriculars that are related to academic activities. If you have written for a literary publication, joined a competitive math team, or have worked with a local community college professor on a science experiment, these all count as extracurricular activities. In fact, these sorts of activities are often highly regarded because they show a passion for an area of study. These are especially valuable activities if you are planning on pursuing something similar in college. Examples: Doing your homeworkdoes not countas an extracurricular activity. Writing for a literary publication and competing in a science competitiondo countas extracurricular activities. Myth #4: I spend all my time gaming/blogging/shopping/on social media, so I don’t have any extracurriculars. Truth #4: Sometimes even things that traditionally shouted â€Å"lazy student† can be morphed into college-worthy extracurricular activities. Blogging and social media are both professional pursuits. If you can show that you are dedicated to digital communication and you have made an impact in the online community – for example, you have dedicated yourself to writing a tech help blog, or a YouTube channel about makeup – you can count it as an extracurricular. In fact, someone at my college had few extracurriculars in high school apart from making what was, at the time, the most popular Harry Potter fan website. Over the course of four years in high school, what had started as a small website had grown to be a massively successful business where he connected people around the world over a shared passion. Similarly, things like shopping can be leveraged into a fashion interest, and gamers now have tournaments and other communal outlets. If your interests seem similar to these sorts of things, try to see what you can do to takeyour passion beyondyou sitting alone in a room and turn it into something that allows you to inspire or teach others. Examples: Playing video games at home alone or with friendsdoes not count as an extracurricular activity. Starting a gaming club at school and organizing a gaming tournament for charitydo count as an extracurricular activity. Myth #5: My passion involves only me, so it doesn’t count as an extracurricular. Truth #5: While it’s true that the most successful college applicants will usually have some sort of connection with the wider world – through volunteer work or participation in group activities – not all extracurriculars need to involve many people. If you have dedicated a lot of time over the years to developing a talent, such as art or playing a musical instrument, this also counts as an extracurricular activity. Example: Taking singing classesdoes count as an extracurricular activity. Myth #6: I’m getting paid, so it doesn’t count. Truth #6: As I’ve already stated, colleges are very interested to hear about the activities of students who have to work to help support themselves and their families. But other students who are not financially strapped also choose to get jobs. Even if you don’t need to work, it can be a good reflection of your personality if you choose to work in high school. Try to pursue something related to your future interests. Some students may also choose to do an internship over the summer, and this can be a great addition to your extracurricular list. If you go down this route, try to make sure that the job or internship you choose is something that is going to allow you to develop responsibility, teamwork, and leadership skills, and explore an area that you will be interested in pursuing either in college or professionally. Of course, if you choose to work when you don’t have to, it can take time away from other activities. Is it the right choice for you? Read out article on getting a job as a teenager to see. Example: Doing a paid summer internship with a tech companydoes count as an extracurricular activity. As you can see, there are a lot of things that count as extracurriculars. But what if you really have nothing at all that counts as an extracurricular? What If You Really Have No Extracurriculars? The answer to this question largely depends on how far along you are in high school. If You're a Freshman or a Sophomore†¦ You're in luck! You have a lot of time to develop your extracurricular list. If you are a freshman, I would recommend trying a lot of different activities to see what interests you most. By sophomore year, you ideally should have some sort of idea about what interests you, and you should start to narrow your focus to just those activities. As you get older, it’s important to start showing dedication to a few different activities that you are passionate about. It’s even better if you can show leadership and growth in your activities. If You're a Junior†¦ At this stage, you are running out of time. Many college admissions officers will think that if someone who has previously had no activities start to join a bunch of activities in their junior year, that they are just doing it for college applications as opposed to doing it to develop a passion or to explore a real interest. However, starting something in your junior year is still infinitely better than doing nothing at all. Narrow your focus to one or two activities and get as involved as your schedule will allow. Try to take on leadership responsibilities as soon as possible, and work hard to make a difference in whatever activity or organization you choose to join. Tryto completespecific, quantifiable goals that show that you have left the organization better than you found it. For example, run a membership drive and take note of how many new members you can persuade to join a club, or organize a fundraiser and keep track of how much money you make. Ideally, choose an activity that you will be able to continue into college. The Common App has a place for you to mark if you are interested in continuing your activities into college. If you can genuinely answer "yes" to this question, you will come across as more interested in your chosen activity and appear less like someone who just took up an activity to have something to put on your application. (Remember, you should never lie on your application, even about something as seemingly harmless about your intention to continue with an activity.) In your college application (in the "Additional Information section" or in an essay, if appropriate), you may want to address why you started your activities late in your high school career, and what you managed to contribute and learn through the activities you started your junior year. If You're a Senior†¦ Unfortunately, if you have spent your entire high school career genuinely doing no extracurriculars, you've hurt your chances of getting into many schools. While college admissions officers realize that students can’t do everything – and in fact, it’s better if you don’t try to do everything – your application will be much less competitive because you have chosen to do nothing. At this point, I would recommend two things: Firstly, focus on your test scores and application essays. Many less competitive schools will accept students based just off of grades and test scores. If you are already a senior, there’s not much you can do about your grades (it’s a bit late to turn a 2.0 into a 4.0) – but you can definitely impress with a top SAT or ACT score. Similarly, sometimes students can really sway an admission committee’s opinion with a fantastic essay that shows strong passion for something. Though you won’t be able to back up this passion with an extracurricular, your essays are now the best way you have to express who you are as a person, what kind of college student you will become, and what your goals and interests are for the future. Also keep in mind that grades still matter in senior year. Don’t slack! Secondly, start doing an extracurricular activity now. Choose one that you can be very involved in over the course of senior year and in which you can make a real impact (again, make this a quantifiable one where you can actually list what you have achieved). If you wait until the application deadline for most schools, this will give you 5 months of an activity. While that’s not great, it’s better than nothing, especially if you can show how you’ve made a difference and how it has changed you. Continue doing the activity for the rest of your senior year. If you end up appealing a rejection in the spring, it will work in your favor to have continued the activity. What Should You Not Do? Don’t lie on your application. If you've chosen to not do anything outside of the classroom, then you shouldn’t try to fix that with dishonesty. If your colleges find out, they may decide to rescind any offers they made based on who you misrepresented yourself to be. Instead, make sure that you present yourself as you are, and talk about your future goals and passions in your essays. Are There Any Exceptions? Of course, there are always some exceptions. If you haven't developed any extracurricular activities because you experienced exceptional hardships throughout high school that prevented you from participating, you should make this very obvious on your application in the "Additional Information" section. College admissions officers will appreciate your openness in discussing why you couldn't participate in what otherwise is a very important part of the high school experience. What’s Next? Check out our list of extracurricular activities if you need inspiration for an activity to choose. If you’ve realized that you do have extracurriculars, check out our guide for how to write about extracurriculars on your college application. Getting ready to write those essays? Learn the basics of the personal statement. If your extracurricular list is weak, focus on your test scores. Here’s how to score perfectly on the SAT and ACT. Struggling to write about extracurriculars on your college application?Check out our in-depth guide to crafting a compelling narrative about your extracurriculars. Read it for free now:

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Terms Every Aspiring Journalist Needs to Learn

Terms Every Aspiring Journalist Needs to Learn Journalism, like any profession, has its own set of terms, its own lingo, that any working reporter must know in order to understand what people are talking about in a newsroom and to help produce a great news story. Here then are 10 terms that you should know. Lede The lede is the first sentence of a hard-news story; a succinct summary of the story’s main point. Ledes should typically be a single sentence or no more than 35 to 40 words. The best ledes are ones that highlight the most important, newsworthy and interesting aspects of a news story while leaving out secondary details that can be included later in the story.​ Inverted Pyramid The inverted pyramid is the model used to describe how a news story is structured. It means the heaviest or most important news goes at the top of the story, and the lightest, or least important, goes at the bottom. As you move from the top to the bottom of the story, the information presented should gradually become less important. That way, if an editor needs to cut the story to make it fit a particular space, she can cut from the bottom without losing any vital information. Copy Copy simply refers to the content of a news article. Think of it as another word for content. So when we refer to a copy editor, were talking about someone who edits news stories. Beat A beat is a particular area or topic that a reporter covers. On a typical local newspaper, youll have an array of reporters who cover such beats as the police, courts, city hall and school board. At larger papers, beats can become even more specialized. Papers like The New York Times have reporters who cover national security, the Supreme Court, high-tech industries and health care. Byline The byline is the name of the reporter who writes a news story. Bylines are usually placed at the beginning of an article. Dateline The dateline is the city from which a news story originates. This is usually placed at the start of the article, right after the byline. If a story has both a dateline and a byline, that generally indicates that the reporter who wrote the article was actually in the city named in the dateline. But if a reporter is in, say, New York, and is writing about an event in Chicago, he must choose between having a byline but no dateline, or vice versa.   Source A source is anyone you interview for a news story. In most cases, sources are on-the-record, which means they are fully identified, by name and position, in the article for which they have been interviewed. Anonymous source This is a source who does not want to be identified in a news story. Editors generally frown upon using anonymous sources because they are less credible than on-the-record sources, but sometimes anonymous sources are necessary. Attribution Attribution means telling readers where the information in a news story comes from. This is important because reporters dont always have firsthand access to all the information needed for a story; they must rely on sources, such as police, prosecutors or other officials for information. AP Style This refers to Associated Press Style, which is the standardized format and usage for writing news copy. AP Style is followed by most U.S. newspapers and websites. You can learn AP Style for the AP Stylebook.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Any topic concerning US or World economy(within the past month to Article - 1

Any topic concerning US or World economy(within the past month to date) using an WSJ , web or any newspaper - Article Example Allowing religious services on schools would identify schools with Christianity which is usually practiced on Sundays. In 1995, the city was sued by the Bronx Household of Faith for the policy, arguing for the protection of religious freedom that was supposedly violated by the prevailing policy. While the church generally holds services in the Public School 15 on the Bronx, it has constructed a new community space for worshipping in the vicinity. In 1998,the church lost the lawsuit but won space inside the school temporarily on the year 2002 when the city was stopped from enforcing the ban by a federal judge. The church win in the District Court in 2012, but the decision was overruled by the Second Circuit. Despite the fact that the mayors decision is against the schools Chancellors previous public statements, many people approve of the mayors decision as it gives more freedom to the religious organizations in the

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Nurse Manager and Nurse Practitioner Research Paper

Nurse Manager and Nurse Practitioner - Research Paper Example They are expected to gather information from their colleagues, consulting library materials so as to respond accurately to the specific needs of their patients. On the other hand, the nurse managers are charged with the responsibility of formulation of the Evidence-Based practices through four main steps. The first step is to generate the desire for information in form of a question which can be closely associated with available practices, initiatives or results. The second part is the location as well as the identification of the most accurate evidences available in the surrounding area. The third stage that nurse managers focus on in the formulation process, is to design a new approach to the in the methods to be adopted in the evaluation of its effectiveness. The final step is to foresee the implementation of the practice in order to establish if it is worth carried out as it is. The nurse mangers further act as models of change to be followed by the nurse practitioners. They facilitate the process of implementation through the provision of the necessary resources and moral support that is needed (Melnyk,

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Cognitive Processes Paper Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Processes Paper Essay Subliminal perception is believed to be effected by its based finding of mind control, weather it’s one person or group of people. Mind control can be used on a group of people without their awareness. The perception of this idea is to get people to do things that would not normally do. For instance, during the 1950s there was a message that says Drink Coca-Cola which attack many people into trying this product or making them thirsty for a cold Coca Cola. This ad was used enter a person mind while making them thirsty for the item, because the company wants to sell their product (Pratkanis, 1992). This ad was used in order to send a subliminal message to the unconscious mind so they would try the product without knowing they were being control in to doing something they did not want to do. The company strategically is to mind persuade or manipulated each individual into doing what the company what the individual to without them knowing they are being brainwash into doing something new. Once an individual feeds into an ad, the subliminal message has persuaded several individual into trying or buying a new product. Subliminal Perception is a manipulation of thoughts, attitudes, and a behavior which is observes by their awareness of stimulus. Since there is some controversy, there is adequate evidence on how observer’s response can be affected by the stimuli in which they claim how they have not seen. The cognitive psychologist is not predominantly devastating, but the media and the public has responded several times to the notion of subliminal perception. Most people do not think of being subliminal manipulation but we need to determine whether the conditions are reflected within the product. So now each individual is control into purchasing these items without knowing how they were manipulated into making a purchase. Throughout the years subliminal perception has been used on many advertisements in order to influence each person to purchase their product weather they need it or not (Moore 1982, 1988). Visual perception is what we our eyes and brain does on daily basics. When looking at images we see them as a whole instead of in sections. Although, images can be broken into their visual elements, such as shapes, lines texture and color. These images that we see allow our eyes to focus helps our brain to get acquainted with the image, in order for us to transmit the information into our brain. Psychologist explains the process of the physical energy which is received by the sense organs. These sensory are converted into perceptions of sight, sound smell taste, and touch (McLeod, 2007). Since there are two different approaches of visual perception, the first approach is to perceive the constructive while approaching the pondering. The direct approach is to emphases the richness of the visual environment from moment to moment. Whereas the constructive approach is what could be considered the subsequent steps of the visual experience which include the roles of memory, imagination while problem solving the world as we see it. Although, the constructive approach attend to focus more on the cognitive factors rather than specify the aspects of visual stimulus (Rochat 1999) When processing the visual perception their main focus emphasize on the top down interpretation which inherent the expectation of our knowledge while surrounding the information of the cognitive factors. Wagner and Sparrow (2004) talk about the direct bodily feedback from the visual perception and how their action is significant and appreciate to the three dimensional worlds. Vision is the majority prevailing sense; in which we use for all information throughout the world. Once we open our eyes there is some form of light that enters our eye while processing this information to our brain. Once this information has enter our brain we see object and how they operate and they way they move. Visual perception has taken a different approach of perception, beginning with its function of vision which serves as an active observer within the environment. The general induction of our current knowledge is to study the vision and its function (Wade Swanston, 2001). Auditory perception has the capability to recognize and understand sound with explicit organs, such as a person ear. Each sound can exists in the form of vibrations which can travel through the air or other substances. Our ears can identify the sound of vibrations, while converting it into a nerve impulse which is immediately sent to the brain where it can be distinguish. If an individual is deaf he or she has no auditory perception because they cannot interpret any sound. Although, when it comes to animals they can make out different sound, especially dogs they are skilled in perceiving sounds of a very high pitch where as humans cannot hear a sound of that capacity. There are several factors that can affect the auditory perception further than hearing any type of sounds. Our brain is mostly responsible for it many processes it can turn a large group of incoming noise into something useful and clear. Auditory perception discrimination is a process of being able to know the differences between sounds; however it is tremendously important to know the language of sound as if it was speaking different sounds. Among the affect of discrimination the foreground and the background is a significant part of auditory discrimination. It’s important to be focus on the important noises so the not so important notice will not be so overwhelming to the human ear. ( Broadbent, 1958, and Cherry 1953). Reference Michael T. Swanston; Nicholas J. Wade Authors Visual Perception An Introduction 2nd Edition. McLeod, S, A. (2007). Visual Perception Retrieved from www.simplypschology.org

Thursday, November 14, 2019

A Comparison of Contemporary American Notions of Happiness to the Epicu

People who are viewed as happy in our culture today are also seen as being rich, having a loving family, and a great occupation. Our society is attracted to material things, rather than spiritual ones. Can a person who does not have many possessions and an elevated social position still live a happy life? Epicurus believed that each one of us could achieve true happiness, and our only problem is that we stubbornly search for it in all the wrong places. Epicurus states that we only need three things to be happy besides the essentials needed for survival: friends, freedom, and an analyzed life. I will be comparing contemporary American notions of happiness to the Epicurean view. In our contemporary American life we have the desire for things that we do not really need to make us happy. Our commercial world intends to sell us substitutes for the things we truly need in order to be happy. We replace our real needs with things like clothing, furniture, cars, nice houses, and many other unessential items. Many individuals place the blame for an unhappy lifestyle on their occupation, and search out alternatives such as material items. We are happy when we receive things fast, because of our lack of patience, and because we simply enjoy the hassle free lifestyle. Our technological advances have made many things easy for us and it brings us some joy. Examples include that we rather drive than walk, and eat from unhealthy fast food restaurants than cook a meal ourselves. We see advertisements everywhere selling us products to make us happy, however the happiness from sex, food, and excitement are pleasures that are short lived. If we took away all unnecessary items for survival from our society today, could we still be happy? ... ...death, and the supernatural. Money cannot buy you analyzed thoughts about your life, or help you cope with the emotional effects of illness or death. Epicureans are looking for peace and freedom from fear and pain. Pleasure is how human beings can sense they are doing something right. I believe that a simpler life in general would help people live a happier lifestyle. We must have the essential needs for survival; however the unnecessary materialistic items are not needed and cannot bring happiness. We all can benefit from living a more Epicurean life, and we should take their advice to focus on friendship, independence, and thinking rationally. Bibliography â€Å"Letter to Menoeceus,† http://www.epicurus.net/en/menoeceus.html â€Å"Letter to Idomeneus,† http://www.epicurus.net/en/idomeneus.html â€Å"Letter to Herodotus,† http://www.epicurus.net/en/herodotus.html

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Ethan Frome: Tragic figure that function

Ethan Frome: Tragic figure that functions as an instrument of the suffering of others ay cache1897 unit Four: Ethan Frome In the novella Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, main character Ethan Frome is a man that faces many disappointments as well no self-assurance. Ethan Frome is definitely a tragic flgure that functions as an Instrument of the suffering of others In the novel. Ethan Frome overall is a very tragic tale of misery and suffering, and any of the main characters involved can be connected to that suffering.Wharton makes Ethan not only the victim, but the function of all the other characters suffering to ruly get In depth with the flaws that Ethan possesses. Zeena, Ethan FromeS wife experiences much suffering due to Ethan. Ethan spent his whole life never being able to stand up for himself. He chose to marry Zeena for the sole reason that she would end his loneliness. It could have also been the fact that he felt bad that she dedicated her life to taking care of Ethan's mom. Ne xt, Ethan decided to give Zeena a loveless relationship.Never in the text does Ethan show any sort of emotion toward his wife, nor does she show any towards him. Ethan is omewhat awful towards the one in which he personally chose to be his wife. He chooses to go to â€Å"work† rather than drive her to the doctor, he decides to pursue another woman who Is his wife's cousin, and lastly, he chooses to kill himself for the sake of his own independence and his â€Å"love† for Mattie. Zeena however, can be aggravating at times which causes Ethan to act certain ways. Zeena tragically has â€Å"hypochondria† which brings out the cold, unhappy, domineering woman who whines and complains incessantly.Ethan lets Zeena dominate him which shows his flaw of eing subordinate. These mistakes eventually lead to his fall. It Is clearly seen that Zeena uses Illness to get Ethan's attention and love he hasnt been giving. Zeena makes it hard for Ethan to show how he feels about Matti e in his heart, because when she comes around, Ethan Is blindsided by her thoughts in his head. â€Å"†¦ but there was only one thought in my mind: the fact that, for the first time since Mattie had come to live with them, Zeena was to be away for the night.He wondered if the girl were thinking of it too†¦ † (40). Another main character is Mattie Silver, who is he desired women Ethan wants to be with rather than his wife. From early descriptions of Mattie, she appears to be the silvery maiden whose arrival Into Ethan Frome's desperate life provides love and hope. Wharton describes Mattie as being a lively and happy young woman, before her suicide attempt that leaves her an invalid and a former shadow of herself. Her name, Mattie Silver, symbolizes the glistening and beauty of a piece of sterling silver.Wharton also states â€Å"The pure air, and the long summer hours In the open, gave life and elasticity to Mattie† (Wharton 60). Thls quote give Mattie the ima ge of someone with great beauty and personality. Ethan has strong feelings for Mattie and it turns out that the maiden has mutual feelings. Because she has feelings for him, and the sweetness of spirit to interest him in return, the resulting tragedies occur. She develops a catastrophic attitude. She had the mindset that if she couldnt be with Ethan, and be happy, then she doesn't want 1 OF2 sne tnen encourages Etnan to take tne slea down ana commit sulc10e wltn her.Her spontaneous and drastic emotions that are tied up with Ethan lead to much uffering. The fact that Ethan quickly agrees to commit suicide shows that he isn't really self-reliant and doesn't think for himself. Wharton shows a flaw that Ethan possesses which in turns cause much suffering for him and Mattie. Ethan Frome is definitely painted as a tragic figure in his crippled state of misery. His tragic flaw could be that he is too indebted to family, and feels too much obligation to them. This brings him home to care fo r his parents, and won't allow him to leave his wife to seek happiness.It's a good trait, loyalty, but in this case it eeps him shackled in a miserable situation, that, because he won't resolve it in a different way, leads to his tragic and spontaneous decision on the day he decides to go sledding with the women he truly desired. Although Ethan may have suffered, his suffering impacted the people around him. Ethan and his wife represent a broken relationship. It is very ironic how the pickle dish Zeena cherishes is broken. The fact that Zeena's cat breaks the pickle dish is significant. The cat is already symbolically linked with Zeena.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Rational decisions Essay

This is a very difficult choice, but the world and humanity as we know it depends upon it. In my last hours, I have to make rational decisions, though some may not agree with whom I have chosen to carry on humanity. The first person I choose is Cindy Smith. She is 16 years old and since she will be in the tube for seven years, she will be an adult when she gets out. She may be diabetic, but it is not hereditary and if she eats properly, it should not impact her ability to survive. Next, I choose Adelle Purity. She is a one month old, but she will be seven when she gets off. She will not take up much food for the first couple of years and should be able to mate with any children that may be produced in the future. This will also give more variety to the gene pool. Wanda Good is my next choice. She is a female psychiatrist, which means she is also medically trained. She may be blind, but she is doctor. She also can conceive and blindness is not hereditary. Next, I choose Dr. Amoc. He and Dr. Good are around the same age and may be able to reproduce. Besides, he is catatonic and may not take up much food. Dr. Good may be able to coax him out of this state. Perhaps the sound of baby Adelle’s coos may remind him of one of his children and bring him back to reality. He is medically trained as well and will be helpful for the survival of the human race. I personally believe he is in shock and it will wear off in several months. Joe Nemesis is my next choice. He is 19 and a good mate for Cindy. He has no apparent issues and being young and healthy, he can probably father a child. Last but not least, I choose Jake Spade. Yes, he has been convicted of kidnapping, rape and assault, but he is a professional hunter. In seven years, if no other humanity is out there, someone will have to know the basics of surviving. He will be an asset to these people and a potential mate for Dr. Good. Since she is a trained psychiatrist, perhaps she may get to the root of his problems and figure out the reasons for his criminal behavior. The others do not seem like viable candidates to me. For instance, Tommy Manly killed his wife. He was an outdoor salesman. We do know that he can reproduce, but he is unstable. Ricky Slive is a definite no. Teaching others to believe in Satan and all that he stands for will only wreak more havoc and mayhem. We are trying to rebuild humanity, not annihilate it. The same goes for Phi Data. He is pretty much under a similar philosophy to Ricky and has no known survival skills. Dusky Ruth is barren so she cannot help replenish the earth. Sister Mary Catherine is a nun, so she will not have children. Besides, she is not at a good age to reproduce anyway. Disco beano is 56, which makes him too old. Besides, there will not be any music for him to listen to. Who knows how he will respond to that! Armando Pepper is 43. He is a master chef, but I am sure these people can prepare a meal. It does not matter that he is gay. He may still be willing to reproduce, but he is too old. Since Sasha Winky’s gender is in question, it makes it difficult to know if he/she is capable of reproduction. A transsexual cannot reproduce and it would be a wasted chance to take on this person. Zeke Allen is too old. He is 64, so he is not a good candidate. I am not sure if his religion allows him to marry and since I have but a few hours of survival myself, I do not have the time to research this. Marilyn Manson would be great entertainment for Disco Beano, but since I do not know his age, there will BEANO space for him. He has no skills that persuade me to choose him over anyone else. Rock Stone is too stoned to be a viable candidate. Even if it were not for the HIV, he is a drug addict and who knows how he will respond. Besides, this may be a way to eradicate the illness, if he is the last surviving person with it. Neila Borg appears to be suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and would have to be medicated to function properly. She is too unstable to consider and a hazard because at any given time, she can think that someone is out to get and attack her. Nick Chance has Down’s syndrome. He may not be able to consent to sexual contact and that is necessary to continue humanity. Given that we do not know much about the history of Adelle and Joe, they are wild cards. We have no idea on what they may contribute or take away from humanity, but that is not known no matter who we choose. The people that I chose were more so, on a level of skill. Survival goes to the fittest. Who is fit to survive? Most certainly not a rock star, who is used to being waited on hand and foot. I also must factor in the possibility of reproduction taking place before the seven years is up, which is why I choose the catatonic doctor. At the present, he takes up less food and so does the baby, which leaves more food just in case it is needed. I highly doubt that Mr. Spade would want to be isolated from the only know civilization and since he seems to be of sound mind, I can only hope that he will be able to control himself for the furthering of mankind. I am getting very weak now from the radiation. I do have to take age into account because agility will be necessary to build things, such as homes or shelters. I have thought about not having any religious leaders available. However, most people have a faith and perhaps they may be able to carry on what they know to their children. I hope that these people will find other people as well. I pray that Dr. Amoc becomes functional again. Perhaps in these seven years, Dr. Good can teach Joe about Medicine and perhaps he can become a doctor. He may also learn to hunt from Mr. Spade. He and Dr. Good may also have a child. Well, only God knows how everything will turn out with the choices I have made. I pray that you find them acceptable.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

How to beat distraction, the new writers block - Emphasis

How to beat distraction, the new writers block How to beat distraction, the new writers block Writers block used to mean sitting at your desk, staring into the empty void that was your screen and hoping for inspiration. Ah, those were the days. Now its not emptiness but a world crammed with tempting morsels thats the problem. Gone is the blank screen. In its place is an infinite variety of distractions, each way more enticing than not just writing but even thinking about writing. Half the problem is the very place where you write your documents – your computer. Because thats where most of the distractions are. Even the best ideas stand helpless against an onslaught of instant messages, notifications, Google searches and browser tabs (each of which can easily lead you to the other, forming a complex loop that quickly fills your head with a kind of digital fug). I never thought Id feel nostalgic for plain vanilla writers block. But in the era before the web got its spindly filaments into every part of our lives, at least you could identify and isolate the problem. Maybe it was fear of failure. Perhaps a lack of ideas. These days, concentrating for more than a few minutes is a challenge in itself. Trying to join two ideas together takes near super-human focus. Fortunately, I think I may have discovered the solution. And focus is at its core. Its an online course called Focused Every Day, from the author David Levin. (You can try a free version of the programme here.) Ive actually tried this course and it worked for me. In fact, Id say its one of the most effective programmes Ive followed in a long, long time. (To put the recommendation in context, this is the first time in our 15-year history that weve endorsed a course from someone else.) Its improved my own focus many-fold, with the result not only that ideas have begun to flow again but that Ive been able to capture and act on them. Its made distraction much, much easier to control and dramatically improved my own business-writing output. So, why does it work? I think its because Levin has taken some very simple yet powerful concepts and made them incredibly easy to apply. Its a deceptively straightforward course. This and the authors gentle, engaging delivery are its great strengths. Its such a refreshing change from, say, books that require you to memorise intricate concepts or change your entire approach to everyday life. I strongly urge you to give it a go. Sign up for the free training videos here.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Beneficios migratorios de matrimonio con puertorriqueño

Beneficios migratorios de matrimonio con puertorriqueà ±o Cuando una persona extranjera se casa con un puertorriqueà ±o, en la Isla o en uno de los 50 estados de la Unià ³n Americana, produce los mismos efectos migratorios que casarse con un nativo de Iowa o Texas o con un ciudadano que adquirià ³ la nacionalidad por naturalizacià ³n. Desde el punto de vista legal en todos los casos dichos se trata de lo mismo: matrimonio con un ciudadano americano. Aunque Puerto Rico tiene estatus de Territorio o Commonwealth, su gente es ciudadana americana desde el momento de su nacimiento.   Resaltar, adems, que  la ley de inmigracià ³n que aplica en Puerto Rico es la de Estados Unidos. Efectos migratorios de matrimonio con un puertorriqueà ±o Los puertorriqueà ±os que se casan con una persona extranjera pueden solicitar para sus cà ³nyuges la green card o tarjeta de residencia permanente por matrimonio. Esto aplica tanto a matrimonios entre un varà ³n y una mujer como al conformado por dos personas del mismo sexo.   El matrimonio puede haberse celebrado en Puerto Rico, Estados Unidos o en cualquier otro paà ­s, siempre y cuando sea vlido. Tener en cuenta que si un ciudadano inicia la  tramitacià ³n para pedir a su cà ³nyuge, puede cancelar la solicitud  en cualquier momento del proceso, si cree que realmente  no est tan enamorado  como creà ­a o que la otra persona quiere ms a los papeles que al novio/a. La peticià ³n de la green card para un cà ³nyuge siempre se inicia con el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Naturalizacià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Dependiendo del lugar en el que se encuentre el cà ³nyuge para el que se piden los papeles, se puede seguir uno de los 2 trmites siguientes: ajuste de estatus si ya est en Estados Unidos y sus territorios y puede ajustar su estatus. En este caso se puede presentar conjuntamente la peticià ³n de cà ³nyuge y el ajuste de estatus.procedimiento consular, para cuando el cà ³nyuge pedido est fuera de Estados Unidos y sus territorios o cuando sà ­ est presente en EE.UU. pero no puede ajustar su estatus. Por ejemplo, si est como indocumentado e ingresà ³ al paà ­s cruzando ilegalmente la frontera. Si el cà ³nyuge extranjero tiene hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, el puertorriqueà ±o puede pedir una green card para estos  hijastros, presentando una solicitud diferente para cada menor que se desea pedir. Adems, si la green card se obtiene antes de cumplir los 2 aà ±os de casado, el cà ³nyuge pedido recibir una tarjeta de residencia no permanente y est obligado a levantar la condicionalidad al cumplirse dos aà ±os desde que recibià ³ la tarjeta verde. Finalmente, despuà ©s de tres aà ±os casado, el extranjero puede solicitar adquirir la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Problemas que pueden surgir en la tramitacià ³n de la green card por matrimonio En una peticià ³n de esposos bsicamente pueden aparecer 4 problemas: Que el solicitante no pueda hacerlo porque cometià ³ en el pasado ciertos delitos que lo incapacitan para pedir a un familiar. Son los llamados Adam Walsh.Que el solicitante no tenga  recursos econà ³micos suficientes para patrocinar  y no encuentra copatrocinador.Que el USCIS no se cree que el matrimonio es de verdad.  Estas son preguntas tà ­picas  que sirven a los oficiales de inmigracià ³n para determinar si el casamiento es de verdad o se trata de uno fraudulento para obtener los papeles.Que la persona extranjera para la que se piden los papeles tiene en sus circunstancia al menos una que  va a hacer que la peticià ³n se deniegue  por considerar que es inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. En este à ºltimo caso caben varias posibilidades, pero es muy importante entender que estar casado con un ciudadano, en este caso un puertorriqueà ±o, no da derecho a arreglar los papeles si no se cumplen todos los requisitos legales. Por ejemplo, un indocumentado que ingresà ³ a Estados Unidos cruzando ilegalmente la frontera no puede ajustar el estatus en el paà ­s. Y, si inicia los trmites, tendr que salir a una entrevista a un consulado estadounidense y en el momento en el que sale aplica el castigo o penalidad de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os  por presencia ilegal.  Y a partir de ahà ­, todo son problemas. Por eso es fundamental antes de iniciar los trmites asesorarse adecuadamente para saber si se puede arreglar los papeles o si van a surgir problemas graves. Adems, saber cundo es posible solicitar un waiver, tambià ©n conocido como perdà ³n, para arreglar el problema y cundo ni siquiera la ley permite hacerlo. Opciones para novios Cualquier ciudadano americano que està © pensando en casarse en Estados Unidos  con su novio/a extranjero que reside en otro paà ­s puede considerar la opcià ³n de una peticià ³n de visa K-1 para prometidos (fiancà ©). En este caso la boda tendrà ­a que producirse dentro de los 90 dà ­as siguientes al ingreso del novio extranjero a Estados Unidos o Puerto Rico. La posibilidad de pedir una visa K-1 sà ³lo beneficia a ciudadanos americanos, no pueden solicitarla los residentes permanentes legales. Estos sà ­ pueden pedir a sus cà ³nyuges, pero ya deben haber contraà ­do matrimonio. Por el contrario, si un novio extranjero sà ³lo desea visitar a su enamorado boricua, entonces la visa a pedir es la de turista, a menos que se pertenezca a un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados y la duracià ³n de la estancia sea inferior a 90 dà ­as. Viajar a Puerto Rico Documentacià ³n que se necesita para visitar Puerto Rico, desde otro paà ­s o desde uno de los estados de Estados Unidos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Operations Management - Essay Example The employees would be subjected to training in the plant’s headquarters in Turin and then posted to the Greenfield site at Melfi to enhance the structure the factory. The new factory appears to be the assembly of the cars (Lanzara and Patriotta, 2007). Increased level of productivity levels; the results of the design conduct test; the organization reinstated by the employees appears an assumed basis of car manufacturing activities. This meant that the plant was assumed to have everything it needed at the snap of a finger. Later on the Fiat short term goals starts bearing fruits as the production levels increases. Fiat and its competitors know that the road to success begins for the company; as ten years down the line the company still recorded high levels of productivity and corporate success (Ciravegna and Maielli, 2011). Reduced industrial actions and stress level amongst the employees; the company success history gave it a name, the Melfi model. The organization encountere d a fall in April 2004; the break down appears prompted by the strikes, which paralysed the plant’s operation for a number of weeks (Heizer and Render, 2010). The plants, throughout, its operational years have never experienced such a situation. The strike significantly affected the plant as it received media coverage, these pauses as a danger to the future dealings of the firm. The strike sent mixed messages to individuals’ heads as the individuals seek to establish the root of the strike. Some ended up doubting the praised Fiat’s design strategy meant for Melfi factory. The field survey analysis suggested that the strike could have been a product of the repetitive application of generative pattern termed as the method and practice of (dis) assembling (DA) (Lanzara and Patriotta, 2007). Introducing a challenging and reducing process repetition among employees; the D/A patterns facilitated the reproduction of the factory’s undertakings and the repetitive works knowledge program that lead to monotony of work coupled with all the disadvantages accompanied by the reasoning. The results were tension and strenuous behavior within the employees; this led to clash and amendments of the factory’s institution process (Lanzara and Patriotta, 2007). How Did Fiat Redesign The Process And What Were The Elementary Technical Units. The use of integrated organization model; Melfi plants appears as the initiators of conversion to a fresh work setting working on the principle of minimum costs and maximum profits. The factory later divided its operations into four operation units (OU). The process appears responsible to the different stages involved in the production process. The processes include stamping body welding painting and assembly (Lanzara and Patriotta, 2007). The operation units were disintegrated further into several elementary technical units (UTE). At standard, the UTE contained between 80-100 employees and their supervisors. The UTE spill over to three shifts is the production structure of the incorporated factory. Whenever the system notes any faults in the structure the managements should be able to attribute the fault to a certain group of individuals or team (UTE) in a certain department. The task required an authoritative human agent with the ability to enforce or postpone the permit. This means what the machine cannot perform a human being is placed at

Friday, November 1, 2019

Halloween Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Halloween - Movie Review Example After 15 years, Micheal Myer broke out of Sanitarium, more so releasing all other patients and stole the station wagon. He damaged his room and noticeably craved â€Å"sister† behind the door. Micheal broke into a hardware store and stole a Halloween mask with a robe and few knives. He started chasing Laurie, mean while methodically killed all her friends including Annie, Lynda, and Bob to isolate her. It was Wallace residence where Micheal placed all the three bodies strategically knowing well the Laurie will come.When Laurie entered Wallace residence, found bodies of her friends became afraid. After fully confusing her, Micheal attacked Laurie. Her hand sliced off by Micheal slipped down stairs resulted in a broken ankle. Laurie, a courageous girl didn’t give up and escaped to Doyle’s House. Micheal also managed to get in the house; Laurie kept him at bay by stabbing him with a knitting needle. Laurie a masculine girl, during the fight, snatched the knife from Micheal and stabbed him in the stomach. Doctor Samuel Loomis gave entry and fired aimed shot on to Micheal. Having been received five rounds Micheal managed to escape from a window. Laurie was evacuated to hospital, in the state of shock, was tranquilized by a doctor. Only after she woke up, came to know about Micheal reality as his elder brother. Micheal followed her, killed many people at a hospital in search of Laurie. Along with Doctor Samuel and Jimmy, Laurie gave a brilliant fight to Micheal; she fired at his eyes with the gun given to her by Jimmy.

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Is global warming causing severe weather Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is global warming causing severe weather - Essay Example Economic science helps to understand economic benefits and material losses caused by severe weather conditions taking into account results obtained by Climate science and Geology. Economic science investigates and develops measures to reduce negative impact of economic activity on climate and global warming. Taking into account the information mentioned above, it si evident that an interdisciplinary research is crucial, because one science is unable to solve the problem of global warming without collaboration with other disciplines. Recent years, hurricanes have become a great problem for many coastal villages and towns around the world. Scientists explain that hurricanes are caused by heated water and variations of sea level. For instance, according to Avery: " The computerized global climate models predict we'll get more and bigger storms as the planet warms", which results in severe weather conditions. Avery explains that "heat in the atmosphere is the fuel that leads to stormy weather," and "weather disasters are occurring with ever-greater intensity and frequency around the world." (Avery, n.d.). So, it is evident that this "fuel" in the atmosphere is the result of human activities (gas emissions and other pollutant) which lead to the heated atmosphere and hurricanes. Nevertheless, there is an opposite view supposing that "the present hurricane surge is part of a 60 to 70-year cycle linked to natural effects" (Briggs, 2005), and has nothing to do with heated weather conditions. Unfortunately, nobody can reject the fact that thousands of tons of mercury, lead, and other heavy metals are put into the water and air each year in the form of liquids and gases, which cause the sea temperature increase. Heavy metals, like pesticides, are long lasting and can spread over large areas. Algae and fish are disappeared and natural processes of adsorption stops. These changes in biosphere resulted in global warming.b) Tornados is another problem caused by heated water. This phenomenon was proved by Carter who stated that tornados are caused by temperature increase and storm chasing. He illustrates this fact stating that 'the escalation in extreme weather conditions over the past two decades has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of storm conditio ns" (Carter, 2005). Some scientists try to explain tornados and storms as a result of changing weather conditions neglecting the influence of global warming on this process. They say: "When we look at the Mozambique floods, at the storms that hit France, at the absence of winters in Britain over the past few years, at the avalanches in the Alps, we are witnessing events that are now clearly tainted by human actions" (Carter, 2005). The question is "Why changing weather conditions occur" Following Carter, it is possible to say that these changes occur because of global warming. To conclude, it is possible to say that the majority of scientists agree that global warming and "green house effect" are the main reasons why we suffer from

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Theories of Communicatiion in Health and Social Care

Theories of Communicatiion in Health and Social Care Introduction In the context of health and social care settings, it is very important to have good communication between service users and staff (Gambrill, 2012). As Hepworth et al. (2010) comment, it is vital that care staff develop good communication skills so that they have effective communication with service users and can explain treatment needs to the latter. In addition, care staff must learn professional communication techniques (and know how to apply them) to create a better health care environment (Cournoyer, 2013). There are many different forms of communication, including, for instance, verbal and non-verbal forms. There are also many approaches through which good communication relationships can be fostered (or hampered) and it is imperative, therefore, that care staff learn from best practice so as to ensure that they maximise the potential for the development of a meaningful relationship (Reeves et al., 2011). Good communication and interpersonal skills are, quite simply, essential t o the practice of effective health and social care (Greenhalgh, 2008). Such skills are not merely limited to day-to-day communications with clients. In communicating with others, the practitioner needs to be able to use a variety of strategies to ensure that professional practice meets health and social care needs and facilitates a positive working relationship. Indeed, as Reeves et al. (2010) suggest, there are different approaches for communication and it is imperative that the individual practitioner tailors his or her use of these to the individual needs of the individual patient. Accordingly, expertise, or at least a sound working knowledge of all of the following approaches – humanistic, behavioural, cognitive, psychoanalytical and social (to name but five) – is vital. These theories are, as alluded to, applicable to developing certain techniques in the sector of health and social care. For example, as Gitterman and Germain (2013) comment, humanistic theory is applicable in situations where people are involved in aspects of self-actu alisation, self-conception, self-esteem, honour, and dignity. This approach reflects on the perspective that every human being has the potential to be good, to enjoy life, to contribute positively, and to be a loving and lovable member of society. Thus, as Healy (2014) suggests, this is an approach that aims to maximise critical thinking and analytical optimism. In the health and social care sector, service providers such as doctors, nurses, home care managers, and social workers are, as Ife (2012) contends, offered appropriate training in order to care for service users in the most humanistic manner by implementing or practising modes of communication relevant to the appropriate situation and/or individuals. Theoretical foundations Social theory, as Howe (2009) explains, is the use of theoretical frameworks to study and interpret social phenomena within a particular school of thought. It is an essential tool used by social scientists, and the theory relates to historical debates over the most valid and reliable methodologies that should be used in the analysis and evaluation of needs and how such analysis can be transformed into ‘real-life’ action (Parrott and Madoc-Jones, 2009). Certain social theories attempt to remain strictly scientific, descriptive, or objective, whereas, as Healy (2014) postulates, conflict theories present ostensibly normative positions, and often critique the ideological aspects inherent in conventional, traditional thought. It is important to recognise the differences between such models so as to ensure that the right model is used with the right service user to maximise an understanding of their care needs. At all times, the needs of the client must come first (Hughes, Ba mford and May, 2008). In commenting further upon the individual theories it should be noted that, as Weitz (2009) remarks, cognitive theory is a theory which is recognised to be implemented instantly. Social cognition is, therefore, the encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing of data in the brain (Parrott and Madoc-Jones, 2008). Widely used across psychology and cognitive neuroscience, it is particularly useful when assessing various social abilities and how these can be disrupted by persons suffering from autism and other disorders. Thus, it is clear that the utilisation of this theory in treatment assessment should be tailored to those individual patients who exhibit the systems of the neurological problems noted – and not just used as a ‘catch all’ for all patients (Miles and Mezzich, 2011). It is the requirement of all care settings to accept, follow and implement effective strategies to provide the right source of communication to all the staff, service users and visitors (Krauss and Fussell, 2014). The appropriate and applicable training on verbal techniques must be given to care staff and other professionals. Furthermore, all employees should be made aware of new developments and techniques through further training and educational courses during the course of their employment. This level of career professional development is important because, as Zarconi, Pethtel and Missimi (2008) comment, it is vital to modernise employees’ knowledge and skills to help them to deal with the demands of changing communication and technology, as well as the changing aspirations and demands of clients. For the betterment of any care settings, research always plays a vital role (Bourgeault, Dingwall and de Vries, 2010). There is a number of techniques that have been followed and brought into daily-use in a health care context. These are now considered to be everyday techniques, but when they were introduced they were ground breaking and radical – which shows how keeping abreast of new developments and integrating new techniques into daily working patterns can result in longer term benefits, not just for individual benefits but also the wider profession as a whole (Greenhalgh, 2008). Some of those techniques include the special needs of communication for those with autism, dementia and all of those who have sensual impairment, and it is to such issues that this assignment now turns. The application of relevant theories of communication to health and social care contexts Any health and social care department consists of different types of service users. As a care provider, it is imperative that professionals implement several types of communication techniques through knowledge, experience and skills, as advised by Krauss and Fussell (2014). In accordance with the views proffered by Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011), who have advanced the cause of using multitudinous approaches to communication, the role of positivism can be seen as critically important. Indeed, many theorists such as Carl Roger, Abraham Maslow, and B.F Skinner, have made life-time studies of how this approach can be beneficial to patient care (Weitz, 2009). In a similar manner, through an evaluation of characteristics based on a humanistic behavioural analysis of actions, people can also be monitored and their health care provision improved, as noted by Burks and Kobus (2012), by treating all people with respect through being gentle and kind. This helps to build mutually benefici al relationships between patient and carer and between different health care professionals. To recognise and understand the behaviour of separate individuals, and to understand how care provision needs to be tailored to meet their individual needs and circumstances, a range of case studies was undertaken by the author. In so doing, cognitive behaviour theory was applied; a summary of the individuals assessed and how their treatment needs were developed is given below. So as to ensure that this assignment conforms to best practice with regards to ethical research, the names of all people have been changed so that there are no personal identifiers. As a consequence, this section of the research not only complies fully with the ethical research protocols of the university but also those advanced by Bourgeault, Dingwall and de Vries (2010). Case Studies Case Study One Estrella is a lady of about 65 years of age. She has been diagnosed with dementia and has lived with this condition for a number of years. She is physically very fit and enjoys walking, making a habit of walking every afternoon after a siesta. Estrella was interviewed at home. The following is a transcription of the interview that took place. It is useful in research to take a transcription because as Speziale, Streubert and Carpenter (2011) contend, it enables the researcher to check facts and return to the data whilst they are analysing and interpreting it. â€Å"Hello Estrella. May I come in please?† I asked. â€Å"Yes, dear, you can come in.† The beaming smile from Estrella suggested that as soon as she saw me she felt happy and she was very welcoming. She showed me into the lounge room and I then asked her â€Å"How was your siesta, Estrella? Did you have a good sleep?† She replied, â€Å"Yes, dear, but I had a weird dream.† Concerned, I questioned, â€Å"What kind of weird dream did you have, Estrella?† â€Å"I just forgot it, dear!† she replied. I asked Estrella kindly and politely if she would like me to help her get changed before she embarked upon her walk. â€Å"Yes, dear, otherwise we will stay here forever,† she answered, whilst looking at me with a sweet smile. In the above situation, as a care worker, I applied humanistic theory. This is shown by my engaging with Estrella in a manner that nourished individual respect. The benefits of this approach are clearly evident through the polite and efficient conversation that took place. The needs of Estrella were quickly identified and, accordingly, a high level of care was delivered. Case Study Two Norah is a 75-year old widow. She has been diagnosed with dementia. If she is awake she tends to stay in her bedroom and, as soon as she is awake, she asks for her breakfast to be brought into her room. From the reading of case notes, which is, as Beresford, Croft and Adshead (2008) suggest, a useful way to gain prior information on a new client, I realised that Norah preferred having her breakfast in her bed and that her breakfast must be warm: neither hot nor cold. I also realised that she likes to have a glass of milk with her breakfast and that she appreciates having the curtains opened so that she can enjoy the outside view. Having already let myself into Norah’s house on the morning of the interview, I asked her, â€Å"May I come in, Norah?†, and explained that I had brought her breakfast in the manner that she likes. She replied, â€Å"Oh, thank you, pet; thats very kind of you. I didnt have to ask for it and you already brought it And it is just the way I like it.† Having deposited the tray on her lap, I opened the curtains. Norah smiled and said, â€Å"Thank you very much, pet.† Once she had finished her breakfast, I took away the tray and let myself out. In this case study it can be seen that, in accordance with the approach advanced by Greenhalgh (2008), cognitive behaviour theory was applied. Norah’s needs were recognised before she had given voice to them. Therefore, in my role as carer, I applied my knowledge and precipitated her needs. Case Study Three Aelfric, a former steelworker, is 78 years old, and has been diagnosed with dementia. He is a very shy patient and finds it very difficult to socialise with other service users. Indeed, such is his shyness that he prefers to stay in his room most of the time, as Aelfric feels that no one likes his company. This, he has suggested, in reflecting upon himself, may be due to his attitude, behaviour and language. Mindful of this plethora of problems, I decided to integrate Aelfric in a bingo day with the rest of the service users once a week. â€Å"Good morning, Aelfric! How was your day?† I asked. He rarely answered, and on this occasion he did not. â€Å"I have good news for you today; have you ever played bingo before?† I queried. Finally Aelfric answered, â€Å"Well, I used to, but am I not the right age to play that kind of game.† I responded, â€Å"Oh! That is wonderful, because I have booked a day out for you to play bingo with the rest of the patients and you are coming as well.† At the beginning, Aelfric did not like the idea of going and being part of the team. As a result, at the start of the bingo session he did not participate and just sat in the corner. However, he later participated and even won a game. As the weeks passed, Aelfric never wanted to miss a week, and began making friends as well. In the case of Aelfric, social theory was applied in accordance with the recommendations advanced by Healy (2014). By the end of several months, Aelfric had become positively friendly with me, which shows how analysing a person using this theory can be beneficial to treatment needs. Case Study Four Minka is a 30-year old lady with learning difficulties and limited speech skills. In the middle of a normal shift, whilst a colleague and I were bathing her, she suddenly started screaming and crying. We did not know what we had done wrong, so I asked her politely, â€Å"What have we done wrong?† Minka seemed to be expressing that the shampoo we had used on her was not nice, and that it smelled bad, and that it had gone into her eyes. Conscious of the discomfort we had caused Minka, I apologised and asked her, â€Å"What shampoo would you like me to use?† Minka pointed to the other shampoo. This shampoo was then applied to her scalp and, as a result, she stopped screaming and let us do our job. When we had finished washing her hair, Minka indicated that she was very happy and asked us to smell her hair. In this case my colleague and I had applied psychoanalytic theory in accordance with the approaches advanced by Weitz (2009). We understood Minka’s needs better as a consequence of so doing. Communication skills in health and social care contexts The Department of Health has, as Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011) note, been updating all kinds of communication techniques in order to achieve the aims and objectives of the health care sector. Many new technologies have been gradually implemented with the aim of ensuring that the service operates in a professional and effective manner. With regards to the contribution to service users, professionals and staff have been introduced to the latest technologies and have adopted them into their daily working lives in order to ensure that they are following best practice (Sarangi, 2010). This has been achieved through, for instance, the attendance of relevant training sessions and courses which are specifically tailored to update knowledge and skills. As Miles and Mezzich (2011) further observe in commenting more generally upon such improvements to health care, modern equipment and communication aids are being used to monitor the effectiveness of care service provision. It is within this arena that it is vital that professionals use verbal and non-verbal communication techniques to deal with service users and colleagues. It is good practice in the health service to ensure that there is an effective handover between professionals and generally, as Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011) advise, there is a hand-over during each shift. A hand-over is essential for it updates carers on the progress of service users. A hand-over normally reviews the service user’s health and emotional condition and usually the nurse in charge of the morning shift discusses with the afternoon staff the progress of a client. Training is mandatory in the National Health Service. There are many types of training and staff are encouraged to attend training opportunities as it benefits the health sector and ultimately provides a better service to the clients (Zarconi, Pethtel and Missimi, 2008). Through using such techniques, best practice is filtered down between colleagues which helps raise the overall level of professionalism within the service. An analysis of strategies to support users of health and social care services with specific communication needs In order to allow service users to be fully involved in the decisions made that relate to their individual health care, it follows that effective communication must be used to enable the service users to understand what is proposed for them (Gitterman and Germain, 2013). In order to achieve this aim, and given the comments previously made within this assignment, it is imperative that the health and social care sector develops a range of strategies to meet this need. Every care setting is, as Krauss and Fussell (2014) confirm, required to adopt and implement the strategy of providing the right and proper sources of effective communication to staff. Through the use of verbal and non-verbal techniques, all care professionals and staff are made aware of this and they are also provided with training related to verbal and non-verbal techniques. There are different techniques to support vulnerable people in the health sector, such as reading lenses and voice recognition systems, and Braille . In addition, as Gitterman and Germain (2013) observe, the Picture Exchange Communication System is used as an aid for individuals who suffer from autism. This is an effective system that has now become, as Healy (2014) comments, part of mainstream treatment. An overview of how communication processes are influenced by values and cultural factors As a national health service, the NHS works with a divergent set of people across the nation as a whole. Reflecting upon modern day multicultural Britain, the NHS accordingly needs to be aware of an array of different cultures and sub-cultures within the UK (Greenhalgh, 2008). In addition, the NHS and wider social and health care sectors must be aware of cultural differences, religious tolerance, and language barriers. According to Sarangi (2010), and in line with the values of a tolerant society, everybody should be treated with respect and in accordance with their cultural and ethnic values. Care workers must, therefore, keep in mind cultural, religious, and linguistic differences so as to ensure, as Reamer (2013) notes, that service users do not feel that they have been treated in a way that is disrespectful, for it might lead to the creation of feelings of disappointment and shame. Such emotions would be counter-productive to the establishment of a professional and meaningful cli ent-professional working relationship. For example, a Muslim client may request a halal meal and the hospital or care facility should provide one so that it operates in a manner that is respectful of the needs of the client. Indeed, ensuring that such values are central to patient care may help patient recovery and will further show the patient that his or her individual needs are valued by the service. Whilst, within a British context, English is the main language, there are vast swathes of the population who do not speak the language, do not understand the language, or have no knowledge of the language (Beresford, Croft and Adshead, 2008). Thus, it is essential for the wellbeing of all citizens that English is not the only language in which heath care provision and needs are discussed. There have been major moves forward in this regard over the last thirty years throughout British society, with an increasing number of publications of an official nature being available in different languages. Thus, even the cultural sensitivities of the Welsh and Scottish are now addressed with regard to the publication of information. With reference to health care, service users who either do not speak English or have very little knowledge of it, may find communicating their health care needs difficult, as Beresford, Croft and Adshead (2008) assert. In order to treat such people with respect and d ignity, the health service must continue to act in a proactive way and employ translators so that those who do not speak the language can still have their health needs assessed. This is, Weitz (2009) notes, an arena of increasing importance within the UK as the country becomes evermore multicultural. The Department of Health ensures that when information is provided to clients and service users, leaflets are distributed in different languages. Such provision needs to be expanded so that all who use the NHS feel valued – regardless of the language in which they choose to communicate. Indeed, it has been suggested by Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011) that all hospitals and surgeries should have a range of translators on call at all times; it is evident that were this provision to be widened to every care home and local authority responsible for the wider social needs of patients, further progress would be made. If such services are not provided, those who do not communicate in English may feel like second-class citizens and this would have a drastic impact on the extent to which the health sector could build a meaningful relationship with such clients; ineffective communication would lead to poor quality services. Policies and procedures are implemented so that different religious and cultural backgrounds, along with differences in socio-economic status, are not reacted to in a negative manner within a health and social care setting. The latter of these, socio-economic status, can often be overlooked but needs to be considered so that no member of the public feels discriminated against in the service that they receive (Weitz, 2009). Existing legislation provides fundamental guidance as to how health and care operatives should work and it is clear, from that legislation, as Ife (2012) notes, that issues of intolerance have no place in modern day social and health care. The same also applies to issues of sexual orientation – the ‘respect’ agenda is, therefore, an important component of daily life in social and health care settings. Existing legislation allows all people to have the right to be offered the facilities that they need to ensure that their health and well-being is maximised by the state and, within an increasingly multicultural society, techniques and strategies of communication have been successfully established to enable all to access the services that they need (Healy, 2014). Complacency is not, however, an option for the service; needs continue to develop on a daily basis and it is imperative therefore that the service as a whole, as well as staff on an individual basis, reflect critically upon their own actions to ensure that they work in a non-discriminatory manner (Burks and Kobus, 2012). How legislation, charters and codes of practice impact on the communication process in health and social care Good practice with regards to communication in the work place is achieved through the adoption of various techniques and methods. As Ife (2012) opines, the Data Protection Act is an important piece of legislation in the workplace and it ensures that personal data is secured and accessed in a controlled and responsible manner. Health care records are, by definition, very personal and many patients have concerns as to how such data is stored. By enforcing rigorous protocols and ensuring, through ongoing training and assessment, that all staff understand the importance of best practice in data protection, such fears can be allayed. It is also worthy of note that clients may also now seek copies of all data held about them. Accordingly, it is vital, as Reamer (2013) maintains, that data recorded about individual patients is always done in a mature and professional manner so as to ensure that no offence is caused. Further, the information contained within such records cannot be disclosed to a third party without the consent of the service user. The Data Protection Act can be seen, therefore, to promote good practice and, as such, helps to ensure that the health sector runs smoothly. Treating somebody as humanely as possible is therefore a fundamental aspect of health and social care and, if privacy and dignity are respected, it follows that the protection of human rights is also achieved (Ife, 2012). Allied to this are issues that relate to freedom of speech, choice and the rights of individual patients; it is clear, as noted within this essay, that by increasing the ability of patients to communicate effectively with health care professionals about their care, ‘patient’ voice is increased. The effectiveness of organisational systems and policies in promoting good practices in communication As Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011) assert, good practice in communication within health and social care contributes to the efficiency of the service and builds confidence and trust in individuals. This is shown by the fact that staff and professionals are governed by a code of conduct (Hepworth et al., 2010). In addition, the use of computers has revolutionised the National Health Service and, within the confines of this essay, an example of the effectiveness that increased computerisation has brought is described. For example, a case that was reviewed in the unit referred to a gentleman picked up by the police, as he was wandering the streets. This middle-aged man had been shouting and responding to voices in his head and it appeared that he was unwell. The police rang the Mental Health Assessment Unit and asked for more information about the patient, including whether or not he was known to the service. As a result of the computerisation of records, a simple search on the bro wser indicated that he was known and provided details of previous care. This, therefore, allowed paramedics to respond to his needs more quickly because they were aware of his preconditions. Such efficiency within the service would not have been possible with the computerisation of records. However, such systems do bring into question issues of data protection and it is imperative that, as Cournoyer (2013) states, computer records are held in a secure manner and that information is kept confidential, so no third party can access it without the consent of a senior manager. Ways of improving the communication process in a health and social care setting The National Health Service has implemented a system whereby a patients record and daily progress are being saved on RiO. On this system a patients file can be retrieved and updated. In most hospitals, RiO is used and it has proved to be effective (Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum, 2011). The main drawback of this method is that all staff members – whether junior or senior – have to have access to RiO, creating additional budgetary pressures on training. An individual patients health is monitored on RiO and any staff member can delete information, such as a care plan, from the details stored. This could cause problems if a staff member accidentally deletes something. This again illustrates why increasing training budgets is essential to improve communication processes (Sarangi, 2010). In addition, on some of the wards, the verbal and written commands of staff are very poor. This can be particularly evident where nurses do not have a very solid grasp of English (Krauss and Fussell, 2014). Whilst it is important not to discriminate, there is a need for a robust process of recruitment to ensure that all medical professionals can communicate with each other in a clear manner (Reeves et al., 2011). In order to minimise this problem, staff should only be recruited on the basis of the qualifications that they possess. Indeed, it is now widely argued by academics, including Miles and Mezzich (2011) and Greenhalgh (2008) that a minimum qualification level should apply to all health care professionals – perhaps at a level equivalent to an NVQ level 2 qualification. The National Care Standards Act (2000) makes provisions for the standard of care to be delivered and in so doing sets out 42 standards of care that need to be implemented. Within the documentation there is not much emphasis on the implementation of modern systems of communication that can contribute in the provision of information about the care services as well as service users and staff. So far the standards of care have been monitored on a humanistic basis, but the communication systems need to be improved (Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum, 2011). This could once again be achieved through further training. In addition the Care Quality Commission has the power to inspect and assess the performance care homes and to make recommendations in areas where an improvement in the level of services being delivered is needed Standard ICT packages to support work in health and social care With continuous progress in the field of information technology and the medical and healthcare sectors, the use of the software packages for dealing with reports such as writing, printing, storing, retrieving, updating, and referring have become very important. Indeed, as Reeves et al. (2011) suggest, computer literacy is a basic requirement for all health care professionals. Older staff and those who may not have benefitted from recent school-based educational opportunities may once more benefit from the availability of tailored courses. Further, as systems develop, there is clear evidence to suggest that all staff should undertake refresher courses, especially with regards to data protection law (Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum, 2011). Prior to recent IT developments, all patient records were recorded on paper. This was not only cumbersome but made searching for specific records more difficult. Further, the records could only be readily accessed on site. These deficiencies in the pa per-based approach have been rectified by the adoption of multi-layered computer systems, which also enable remote access and the sharing of information between agencies. As Parrott and Madoc-Jones (2008) claim, critical to this revolution in the keeping, making, and recall of paperwork has been the development of both the internet and the intranet. However, this has also brought an array of potential problems, including issues relating to third party access and security. With reference to my own workplace (as a means of providing a practical example), the use of computers has developed to such an extent that it has cut down on all paper work. Daily progress notes are entered on a sophisticated package and day-to-day care of the clients is inputted on the system. Benefits of ICT in health and social care for users of services, care workers, and care organisations If a service user is discharged from the health services and thereafter returns to see his local general practitioner or attend an accident and emergency unit, an advantage of computer-based records is that his details can be retrieved from the system. Such information that was not readily transferrable using paper-based systems helps multi-disciplinary teams achieve continuity of care and, as a result, the client is treated better. In addition, as Parrott and Madoc-Jones (2008) notes, social workers find it easier to go on the internet and find places for service users in different catchment areas quickly. Detailed information about the services offered is displayed and the service user is updated; processing times are quicker – and treatment is again improved. IT also helps with training – both in delivery and record keeping. Indeed, as has been evident through my own experience, most training in mental health trusts is done online. Conclusion This assignment has, through case studies, personal experience, and the assimilation of data from existing studies, provided a thorough overview of a range of communication techniques used in the NHS and associated social care settings. In addition, comment has been made on the individual needs of patients and how these can best be assessed using a range of different theories. Further, the role of ICT has been discussed and examples given as to how its incorporation into health and social care sectors has transformed working practices. Through addressing