Engineering Failure Case Study

Failure Analysis at DMRC On July 12th 2009 a metro bridge that was under construction collapsed due to negligence by an office in-charge of the Badarpur Metro line. The failure of the bridge killed 6 and injured another 15 when the pier cap sheared from the connecting pillars. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation took major heat from this incident because the roadway was a major milestone of providing a reliable and easy mean of transportation to the capitol of India.The DMRC is considered the most reputed infrastructure organization of India and neglecting roadways to the point where they fail is not an option. During that day the pier cap collapsed causing the collapse of the launching girder, span between p-66 and p-67 piers which had already been erected and pre-stressed, and also segments of the superstructure for the span between p-67 and p-68. The pier cap (p-67) sheared from the connecting point of the pier and pier cap.The top reinforcement of the cantilever beam did not have an y development into the pier itself which caused the shear itself. The launching girder has failed due to the failure of the pier cap. This failure also caused the span between piers 67 and 68 causing it to be inclined supported by the ground on one end and the pier cap on the other. With the failure of the pier cap and span between piers the crane used for lifting the launching girder also failed on July 13th 2009.Bending of the crane shows the clear sign of overloading which was caused by not analyzing the amount of stress the crane could handle. The causes of the failure are many and once one portion of the roadway failed it caused a chain reaction to the entire infrastructure collapsing. The pier (p-67) was initially designed as a leg of a portal frame between piers but then was changed to support the pier cap. The same method was used for piers p-66 and p-68.The top reinforcement was poorly engineered; the pier cap had a reinforcement of 36mm diameter and a length of 500mm which was an insufficient bond length for the structure. During the launching operation the launching girder itself developed a crack that was grouted in crack areas and further strengthened by introducing prop or jacketing. During the launching of superstructure 6 segments where lifted and the whole system collapsed when the seventh segment was hooked up for lifting.It was concluded that the failure of the pier cap occurred to the improper jacketing done when a crack had occurred. This was also coupled with inadequate length of support and reinforcement of the cantilever pier cap. The failure of the cranes was the fact that the capacity of 2 cranes where not able to hold the weight of the superstructure which caused the larger 3rd crane to fail. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation sacked the official in charge of the Badarpur Metro line, Vijay Anand for neglecting his duty.Structural designs should have been proof checked by an experienced structural engineer. Also once failure had been ob served the structure should have been abandoned and a new structure should have been built. Make shift reinforcement to save a failed structure was a major neglecting issue and engineering failure. The lack of professionalism that lead to the superstructure failure started with trying to fix the failed pier cap and neglecting the fact that the cranes used to lift the structure where not engineered to hold the amount of weight that needed to be supported.The support reinforcement should have been checked by an experienced engineer that should have easily seen the reinforcement issue between the pier and pier cap. The information for this case study was found from www. engineeringcivil. com/theory/civil. engineering-disaster. com and www. thaindian. com. The entire structural failure was found on these sites including who was a fault and why the structure failed.

Cuckoo’s Egg Analysis Paper Essay

The Cuckoo’s Egg book is well written by Cliff Stoll. It was something like reading a horror story book. It was creepy, suspense, curiosity and scary too. The hacker every time breaks into a military system seemed to be like a ghost entering into the house and not like a thief. We know thief will definitely when he attacks a home he will for sure grab all things possible for him to steal. But this hacker was not doing just that, he was wandering in the system and making some creepy moves and disappeared. Many a times he would just come and go just to show that he was still there. Something like a ghosts act. Cliff clearly briefs every day’s situations, thoughts and reaction of the people around him. As we are reading this book and try to imagine the description given by Cliff, we can understand how things were in those days. The FBI, NSA, NCSC and CIA reacted and helped for such case. It was definitely very difficult for Cliff to handle the pressure of his boss and the unsupportive FBI. It was definitely a challenging case. An astronomer, who was least interested in computer programming lands up tracking a spy which leads him to be a professional network and information security provider. This journey of Cliff is an example to many who loose hope on their current jobs, or people who lost and don’t know where they are ending up. See more: how to write an analysis paper From this book I take back lot of things related to computers, networks, the government, information security and its importance, and how to handle things under pressure and stress. There are many characters who teach us how to look at situations which actually shows us a way to solve the problem. Luis Alvarez is one such example who actually showed Cliff another view of handling this case. I think it was because of him Cliff took this case as a research and not as part of his job. IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE BOOK The very interesting part of this book is the way author relates all the problems to astronomy and physics. Most of the time it was his physicist friends who helped him crack the puzzle and find hints related to the hacker. The reader must be good at computer security or astronomy in order to understand the relations made between them by the author. Author also analyzes people relating to physics and planet study. Cliff describes his new boss Marv Atchley and his division head Roy Kerth in physics aspect. Roy who was a college professor teaching about collisions, protons and anti-protons. He related his students and staff to his subatomic particles: keep them in their orbits, energize them and then shoot them into static positions. Roy was fed up of the year long delays and excuses given by computer professionals. Author analyzed Roy and always made sure to start of a conversation something about relativistic physics before he could move on to computer related issues. That way author expected some kind of support for his tracking business, but Roy was a person who believed everything that had been proved or had some proof. This made the author to maintain a logbook, in which he entered every single word related to this case. He even had dotted down the conversations made with every person whom he contacted for help. This logbook concept actually helped him to analyze the hacker and his activities, sometimes saved him from getting screwed by his higher authorities and also helped him to write his paper titled â€Å"Stalking the Wily Hacker†. Though the techniques used by the author to trace the hacker is out dated now, but his way of approach is definitely amazing. How he relates this case to astronomy and physics is a very unique way. Another physics aspect applied for detection is: When the hacker fires a universal file transfer program called Kermit. The hacker also used the Kermit program on his system, because the Kermit program checks each of its files after it has copied it from one computer to another. This proved the author that the hacker was obviously having all the sessions printed out and also copied on to a floppy disk. Here author calculates the distance between his computer and the hacker’s by the concept of sound travelled and its echo heard. This way he arrives at a result of 279,000 miles but since his technician Lloyd was very good at communications explains him about the delays which occurred during communication between satellites and the earth, the hacker using a slow computer and the data transferred in the form of packets. Thus they land up with a result of 6000 miles. Another interesting way Maggie Morley cracked the word puzzle which led to a hint of hacker’s location. Though this is not physics approach, but definitely it is a different way of approach to solve a problem. Maggie gives the meaning of Jaeger, in German it meant Hunter and it was a name of a hunting bird. Hunter and Jaeger were the passwords used by the hacker. Hedgers and Benson were the name Cigars. So this lead to a conclusion that hacker must be somewhere in Germany and that he smoked. Dave Cleveland also gives a clue, which the hacker is not from the west coast. He comes to this conclusion by seeing the hacker type ps-eafg Unix command. This meant to Dave that the hacker didn’t know Berkeley Unix. The best way to learn new things is to make mistakes and learn from your mistakes and the best way to understand others is to put your legs in their shoes. Cliff uses same technique; he tries to be hacker himself to break into Mitre systems. He was successful in logging into Mitre and finding out holes in its internal networks. He tried to log in to Mitre through Tymnet connection as the hacker had done. This proved that it was possible for anyone to break into the most secured network systems and also helped to find the holes in the system. Cliff’s astronomer friends Jerry Nelson and Terry Mast play an important role in helping cracking few codes and puzzles related to the hacker. Jerry analyzed the codes and numbers given by the phone technician while tracing out the hackers line. He said that 703 was area code to Virginia and C and P meant Chesapeake and Potomac. The next time they help to crack KH-11. It was a secret spy satellite, KH stands for Key Hole and 11 was the series number. We should also be aware that in many countries hacking is not considered as illegal or crime. Some countries actually support hackers and maintain secret group of hackers to hack sensitive information of other countries. In this case it is very difficult to trace the hackers and punish them. The author not just keeps an eye on the hacker’s activities and trying to trace him but also tries to explain it to other authorities who could help him with this case. So he begins to talk to people at FBI, Teejay at CIA, Zeke at NCSC, some spies and spooks. That way he actually becomes a spy himself trying in his own way to catch the hacker. This experience teaches him how to talk and explain things to such people and also very well understands that every department was not interested or were not ready to take up the case. This way he understands what importance people gave to the information and network security. CONCLUSION This book tells us how the government treated a security issue. It is really pity that they were just bothered about the loss in figures and not the sensitive information that was stolen. The FBI, CIA, NCSC, NSA all of them had the same idea. They were worried about their reputation or about the loss in figures. They did not realize that the hacker was stealing some very sensitive information related to the U.S army, navy, and military. If they had been co-operative to Cliff they could have caught the hacker mush before and did not need a year. But now the FBI is very concerned about the Cyber crime and identity theft. I learnt that they would take serious action in investigating such cases. This is definitely very important in today’s world. As the number of users and systems are increasing, technology is advanced, people are connected not just through telephone lines, wires and cables but also they are connected wirelessly through Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connections which make them more vulnerable to security threats. As number of users and system and technology is rising, number of cyber crimes and hackers are also increasing. Now the hackers are very intelligent unlike our Cuckoo in the book. Markus Hess could have been easily caught with the help of the FBI and NSA as he was leaving his traces everywhere. For example the passwords and the connections used were easily predictable. Today the hacker may be sitting next to you but it is very difficult to trace them. Hence complicated and advanced techniques and technologies must be implemented. At the same time it is everybody’s responsibility to make sure that the information related to them personally or professionally must be secured.

Problems faced by women Essay

            Human Resources in the Recession: Managing and Representing People at Work in Ireland; William K Roche, Paul Teague, Anne Coughlan, Majella Fahy. The effects of the Irish recession on the manner in which people are managed at work and on how they are represented by trade unions is the subject of this study. This study examines how human resource managers and unions (where they are found) have faced the challenges. First of all, the impact of the international financial and economic crisis on the Irish labor market is assessed. Then, the Irish economic crisis is placed in a comparative European context to get a sense of the extent to which the public policy response in Ireland has been similar to those pursued by other EU member states. After this assessment a detailed literature review is conducted on reviews and debates concerning the impact of recessions, past and present, on the conduct of human resources in organizations. This is followed by a detailed examina tion of the type of policies and practices that are available to HR when making adjustments to difficult business conditions. The research has used a survey conducted of managers with responsibility for human resources to assess their responses to the recession. The survey firstly sought to examine the impact of the recession on firms in terms of revenue and employment change, in order to establish the commercial context for any recessionary measures adopted. The subjects of examination are then the types and incidence of measures taken by firms, ranging from pay and headcount adjustments, changes in HR systems and functions, to changes in working time arrangements. The responses of the firms reflect the severe effects and challenges experienced by the survey respondents. This is followed by an investigation into the role of the HR function in the recession. The section explores whether the operation of HR has changed as a result of the recession, the function’s level of infl uence in terms of HR strategy formulation and implementation, the business role of HR, the level of engagement with employees, types of policies and practices that have received greater or lesser attention and relationships with trade unions. Finally, the HR practices that survey respondents considered to be most effective in helping them manage the recession are investigated. Examination of the effects of the recession, as experienced by thirty HR  managers, representing a wide range of businesses, who participated in the different focus groups is entailed. It reviews, in detail, the effects on HR of acute cost, headcount and productivity pressures and the range of retrenchment measures that they were required to put in place. The research then examines HR managers’ understanding of what constitutes ‘good human resource practice’ in recent and current recessionary conditions. The main HR practices that were identified in the literature include – wage ad justment; employment adjustment; re-organization of working time; workforce stabilization; employability; voice and engagement; and process or product innovation. By and large, while most of the measures adopted were aimed at reducing pay costs in one way or another, Irish firms have been quite diverse with respect to the range of measures that have been implemented to steer their way through the recession. The survey results also show that HR mangers have been steadfast with regard to implementing the ‘softer’ side of HR practices.             Impact of the Recession on the Labor Market in the South East; Annette Cox, Terence Hogarth, Thomas Usher, David Owen, Freddie Sumption, Joy Oakley. This study focused on analyzing the impact of economic downturn on skills needs and training practices within different sectors in the South East, focusing on a mixture of sectors which were seriously affected by recession and those which might lead the recovery. The research consisted of two phases: the first involving quantitative analysis and literature review, and the second involving qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with stakeholders and employers. The research concluded that the Impact of Recession on Employers’ Current and Future Skills Needs and Training Practices is conditional. Small organizations are reported to be more likely to reduce training investment than large firms and commitment to training varies by sector, There is an increased demand for ‘short and sharp’ courses, Training opportunities are being targeted at senior staff and trainees, Employers are receiving high numbers of applications and using tighter screening criteria and Multi-skilling needs are developing as a result of expansion or contraction of business.             The impact of the economic recession on hR; Talent 2 and Ipsos MORI This study is based on a survey. Senior HR professionals were asked about how the global recession is affecting their organizations and their people management strategies and practices. 200 senior HR Directors and VPs were invited to participate in the survey, and 73 completed it. The findings of the survey were that HR is greatly affected by recession in the economy. Three in five respondents felt that the current capital markets had a direct impact on their organization, with three- quarters also feeling they have a direct impact on HR. Similarly, the vast majority of organizations (95%) were either freezing, or decreasing, their annual HR budget, in areas such as training and development, external training, the use of external consultants, recruitment and HR systems. Evidence suggests this is likely to be the case regardless of what the predicted financial performance is for their organization. The top three priorities selected were Performance management; Leadership and management development; and Employee communication and engagement.             The Impact of the Recession on Employment-Based Health Coverage ; Paul Fronstin This article focuses on the impact of the recession on employment-based health coverage. This Issue Brief examines changes in health coverage among workers during the recession that started in December 2007, including monthly changes for 2007 and May 2008−July 2009. The emphasis is on changes that occurred between September 2007 and April 2009. While health coverage through the work place is by far the most common source of health insurance among the population under age 65, the recession that started in December 2007 is associated with a change in employment- based coverage and the uninsured. Workers least likely to have employment-based coverage at the beginning of the recession were more likely than other workers to experience a decline in the percentage with such coverage one year later. Younger workers were more likely to lose coverage than older workers. Hispanic workers we re more likely to lose coverage than whites or blacks. Part-time workers were more likely than full-time workers to have lost employment-based coverage. The percentage of workers with own name employment-based coverage declined the most for those employed with  for-profit private- sector employers and those employed by the federal government. The largest declines in the percentage of workers with employment-based coverage in their own name by firm size occurred in the smallest firms, those least likely to offer coverage. Workers who were members of a union were less likely to have experienced a loss of employment- based coverage than were nonunion workers. Workers with the lowest earnings were the least likely to have employment-based coverage in their own name and experienced the largest decline in coverage.

Beautyism in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Beautyism in the Workplace - Essay Example for their beauty and this knowledge comes to them by whatever means, they would have no reason to work as hard as they would have in the opposite circumstances. As is human nature, they focus more on being attractive and remaining in that state as that is what got them the position in the first place. Even though it is humanly impossible to overlook one’s attractiveness, it is important to try to analyze that in comparison to their skill set (Sartore, 2006). Hiring people based on their attractiveness does very little for the motivation of other employees. Employees should be made to direct their efforts towards increasing their productive ability. The observance that the management’s focus is in the opposite direction rubs off on them and sends them into confusion. The action of the one person in the management body affects the outlook of employees towards the entire body and not of that particular person. In the case facing the College of Business Administration, the chairperson’s action could be interpreted as the stand of the entire management body, inclusive of human resource. The staff body usually works in parallel direction with the management. Therefore, if they not that the management focus is on productivity in terms of skills, then they equally focus on that. However if they find that other aspects such as beauty are more important they shift focus to that rather than to improving and sustaining their skills. From the same management-employee relationship perspective, Beautyism damages the faith of employees in their management. In whatever circumstances, the management is meant to illustrate integrity in order to establish faith and goodwill (Commisso, 2012). In the event that beautyism becomes a management’s limitation, employees begin to question other aspects of that relationship. Employees begin to worry that they could be biased on other aspects as well leaving them on the losing side. For this reasons, it is important to avoid

Poster presention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poster presention - Essay Example On top of these physical manifestations of trauma, psychological symptoms related to possible post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD) may surface. These may be accompanied by chronic pain syndromes, chronic fatigue syndrome, eating disorders and irritable bowels (Springer et al., 2003). The case at hand is about a mother who has fled from her abusive partner because he has been found to have sexually abused her two children. Her older son, aged 9 is by another man, and the younger son, aged 5 is the abusive partner’s own son. It is logical to assume that both boys may have been traumatised by their experience of child abuse. To add insult to injury, the man is requesting for custody for both of them, and their mother is denying it due to obvious reasons. Studies have shown that most often, the abuser is somebody familiar to the child and that the abuse happens in a familiar environment, supposedly safe for the child (Administration for Children and Families, 2004). In this case, the perpetrator is the parent/ parental figure of the child victims, which further heightens the likelihood of trauma. Abused or neglected children develop painful memories of the experience and it can haunt them all their lives. The traumatic experience can even influence the way they behave with others or how they would raise their own children in the future (Anda et al., 2005). Some children may never fully recover from the trauma, resulting in lifelong depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. Shengold (1989) have termed the devastating long-term consequences of child maltreatment as â€Å"soul

Applied Research Project Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applied Research Project Capstone - Essay Example The Department of Homeland Security (2010) also argues that the new and evolving threats that need close attention are cyber security, prevention of cyber crime, and the protection of the critical infrastructure. The article provides information on how through international cooperation there have been efforts to foster the establishment of the national and international watch and warning networks in order to detect and prevent cyber attacks as they emerge. Information on public awareness on cyber security is also found in the article. Besides, there is also information on the need for coordination and cooperation between the government and the private sector to ensure cyber security. The article by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (2014), provides a framework for enhancing critical infrastructure cyber security. Since the United States’ cyberspace is connected to the rest of the world, attacks can cross the border at lightening speed. The article also provides information on the significance of critical infrastructure to the national and economic security of the nation. Moreover, there is information on how internet traffic can be monitored and malicious intrusions to the critical infrastructure systems detected. Department of Homeland Security. (2010). Preventing and Defending Against Cyber Attacks. Retrieved February 26, 2015, from: http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/defending-against-cyber-attacks-november-2010.pdf National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2014). Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security. Retrieved February 26, 2015, from

Perception Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Perception Management - Essay Example Each person selects various cues that influence his perceptions of people, objects, and symbols. Because of these factors and their potential imbalance, people often misperceive another person, group, or object. To a considerable extent, people interpret the behavior of others in the context of the setting in which they find themselves. Research has shown that managers and direct reports often have different perceptions of the same events as illustrated in Table 1 (Allen, Plotnick, 2001). Managers and direct reports both act based on their perceptions, regardless of their accuracy. And that can create problems. Most people want to make favorable perceptions on others. This is particularly true in organizations, where individuals compete for jobs, favorable performance evaluations, and salary increases. The process by which individuals try to control the perceptions others have of them is called perception management. Individuals use several techniques to control others' perceptions of them (Schein, 1990). Some employees may engage in perception management to intentionally look bad at work. Methods for creating a poor perception include decreasing performance, not working to one's potential, skipping work, displaying a bad attitude, or broadcasting one's limitations. Why would someone try to look bad to others Sometimes employees want to avoid additional work or a particular task. They may try to look bad in hopes of being laid off, or they may create poor perceptions in order to get attention. Perception management seems to have an impact on others' perceptions. As long as the perceptions conveyed are accurate, this process can be a beneficial one in organizations. If the perceptions are found to be false, however, a strongly negative overall perception may result. Further, excessive perception management can lead to the perception that the user is manipulative or

Answering Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Answering Questions - Essay Example d activities are focused on is the construction of its social infrastructure, which proves their substantial degree of uncomplicatedness, and willingness to restrain from persecution; therefore, long-term survival. In most Arab countries, the brotherhood has integrated into political institutions. In the western countries, it has established itself in local Muslim communities by setting up Mosques, banks, Islam facilities, and educational and social institutions (MAITIC 6-8). Contemporary Shiites have a common form of Shi’ism that they adhere to; Twelver Shi’ism or the Imami. This belief is from the origins of Shi’ism which believed in the fundamental teaching that the Muslim Community’s rightful rulers were from a series of twelve Imams. This began with Ali ibn Abu Talib. This belief is continued to date. Shi’ism has continued to become the function of Iran’s politics based on the above ideology. Shi’ism has, however, discontinued in some of its institutions and traditions, as they are changed and determined by descendants who may not have what it takes to run the institutions, and guide the traditions properly (Fradkin). Earlier jihadist groups fought to conquer specific regions for both material and religious reaons. Jihadist groups fought to protect, to revenge, and to gain material wealth. They struggled to protect Islam, and against those who did not believe in Islamic God. Al Qaida also struggles against those who do not believe in Islamic God, but through a different way. Al Qaida are terrorists, and fight to achieve their aim through terror attacks. Earlier jihadists involved themselves in battles. The difference is in the ideology of battle and methods of struggles (Rabasa et al 9). Both the Sunni Islamist and Shia Islamists understanding of Jihad is the same. Both groups of Islamists consider Jihad as a holy war. Sunni Islamists believe that they should wage a holy war against the Shia Islamists who give honor to Mohammad’s descendants

Strategic Review Report for ZARA Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic Review Report for ZARA Company - Essay Example The external environment covers the analysis globally in apparel industries (Cunningham, 2012:34). External environment analysis The external environment will have an analytical review using the PESTEL and Porter’s five Forces model. Political segment-The current increasing political instability among many nations does not do any favors to business people. The war in many nations in Europe, for example nations in the Middle East like Iraq forces businesses to close down and others end up losing their items through theft. Thus, for an investor investing in another country it leads to double loss, which may impact so negatively to the trader such that closing down the business, may end up being the result. In addition, some powerful political figures in other nations where a trader may want to invest or has already invested may order the business not to have a permit to operate in that country or to close down immediately if it is in operation (Hill, 2010:63). This helps to serv e the interests of the politician if they had a business similar to the new one in operation or the one to start operating, since by so doing they will have ensured that the competition is low if other such kinds of businesses operate in the country. This hinders the general growth and development of any business, hinders competition and the result is high prices for commodities, and consequently this is a practice that should remain disregarded completely in the society. Furthermore, employee’s rights and child workforce regulations remain vital to consider facilitating a legal and maintainable job environment in production. Moreover, since the growth of global trade, most producers have their bases in developing nations. The price influence of import and export taxes on the apparel organizations directly influences the progress of global retailers (Schermerhorn, 2011: 56). Economic segment- Because of weak currencies, low workforce costs and the chance to be near to custome rs, a business ought to look into the techniques to reap benefits from a different site. This is so because competition has already penetrated the newer market and persistently tries to balance the gains related to these markets. This has a great influence on the profits of the enterprise. The attainment of a stable economy has remained a big challenge to so many countries and thus current economic trends like inflation, unfavorable balance of payments among others pose a great threat to business people in many countries. These trends affect both the growth and profitability of the organization (Pahl, 2008:72). For instance, the purchase of clothing may simply remain a luxury rather than a necessity. Thus, when an economic recession occurs, it may cause a reduction in customers’ disposable earnings, and hence leading to reduced expenditure on clothing. Moreover, a higher rate of individual savings may have a negative influence on demand in the apparel industry (Cunningham, 20 12:14). Socio-cultural segment- customers appear to use much money on electronics, travelling, healthcare, education, and leisure and spend less on clothing, which makes apparel industries to establish their organizations ecologically to meet customers’ demands. Many workers in the company are females, and they mainly do spinning, weaving, or hanging fabrics jobs whereas males take over technical works like machine supervision.

Decisions in Paradise, Part I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decisions in Paradise, Part I - Essay Example Surely, what lacks in Kava that would discourage the giant coffeehouse company from setting its subsidiary in the island? Like it is reflected in the mission statement of the company, Starbucks main drive to establish a presence in Kava is to ensure profitable operation of the company and to contribute to the betterment of social and economic welfare of the islanders (Kava population). Behind every attractive business opportunity, there are numerous business risks. Therefore, it is imperative to critically examine the probable risks that Starbuck is likely to encounter prior to making a crucial decision of establishing its presence in Kava. Initiating business on an island that is an epitome of an area under constant wrath of natural disasters is quite a huge gamble to take. Kava is in a mess and people are obviously exited with the tragedy they have been experiencing, which poses a great challenge for new business set up in the area. To begin with, one of the most apparent challenge s that the company will encounter when trying to establish its presence in Kava is prevalent disaster threats. Kava is known to be under constant threat of tidal waves, typhoons, tornadoes, floods, fires, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, HIV/AIDS, avian flu, terrorism and petroleum spill. These would most likely affect the company’s operation processes. As such, it would be crucial for the company to employ effective research team to study and recommend a location which exhibits minimal exposure to natural disasters. The company should also establish an effective medical team to ensure that cases of avian flu and HIV/AIDS risks are well taken care of. Another possible problem that is likely to affect the company concerns human resources. Over 50 percent of the population of Kava constitutes young individuals below 15 years of age. As such, the company faces a huge challenge concerning recruitment. To counter this problem, the company will develop part-time employment initiati ves for those who are under 16 years of age. Ethical business practice is another key challenge that the company will have to reckon with. First, greater percentage of the island’s population is below 15 years of age. This poses a big challenge on employee engagement. The company will have to ensure that it does not violate the minimum age requirement when recruiting workers. The majority of the country’s population is under 15 years, which exposes the company to numerous suits for using child labor. Another consideration that the company will have to make is upholding ethical production practices. In the contemporary world, many companies are establishing their presence in both domestic and international markets by preaching â€Å"going green† gospel (Mullerat, 2010). According to Horrigan (2010), the going green concept is politically oriented compelling organizations to exhibit their social corporate responsibility by showing their green credentials demonstra ting their positive contribution towards sustainability and community development. Starbuck has principles that drive its mission, which is in line with social corporate responsibility requirements. â€Å"Our coffee† principle emphasizes on quality while â€Å"our partners† principles concentrates on respect and dignity in its operations. The company ensures perfect human connection in dealing with its customers and models its stores

Company research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Company - Research Paper Example Delta’s other major hubs including John F. Kennedy International Airport, Narita International Airport, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, and Salt Lake City International Airport. Currently the organization has an extensive domestic and international network spreading across 64 countries, and it was ranked as the world’s largest airline in 2013 by scheduled passengers carried. Based on the evaluation of different corporate aspects of Delta, this paper will draw some potential conclusions about the future scope of the company. Delta changed its old logo and introduced the 20th one (Figure 1) on 30th April 2007. The current logo is triangular in shape and red in color. One side of this triangular is slightly darker, and this shade adds some depth to the symbol. Similarly the company changes its marketing slogans from time to time, and the current one is ‘Keep Climbing’. The Delta operates both low cost airlines and full service airlines, and the company targets more on business travelers as well as other high ranked international travelers. The firm uses all traditional and modern media to reach its target markets. Delta pays great attention to internet based marketing and maintain official pages in Facebook and Twitter. In addition, the company invests largely in television advertising. Delta is one of the founding members of the SkyTeam airline alliance and the company has also engaged in joint ventures with Air France-KLM and Alitalia, Virgin Atlantic, and Virgin Australia. In addition, the Delta Air Lines has three major subsidiary businesses including Delta Private Jets, DAL Global Services, and Delta Vacations. The company’s strong presence in the global market coupled with its reputed corporate status assists the Delta management to operate its subsidiaries successfully. When operating subsidiaries, the company is able to share its

A Cop’s Life Essay Example for Free

A Cop’s Life Essay In â€Å"A Cop’s Life† Heather MacDonald describes the media’s blinding prejudices when it comes to policing and race and supported it with two different cop’s life stories. First is about a black man who was shot dead by a cop who was trying to restrain him because he was running naked through traffic pounding cars and received only two mentions in the press outside Seattle. MacDonald compared this story to an angry-cop case that has been videotaped slugging a cuffed black teen once in the head who received 370 stories in the event and flooded the nation’s airwaves and presses. The author describes how being accused of racism affects a cop to do his job. In today’s world, due to a continuous competition in news and media industry, it seems like most of the news that is coming out today are reconstructed to a way that it will attract more people. And due to the fact that for some reasons, bad news are more catchy than good news and that influential people like policemen are more interesting to talk about, a lot of people are being mislead by media’s bias information. I would take the example used by the author in this article as my example. It is an incident of a police officer who has been forced to use his power to stop a civilian who is doing an unlawful violent behavior. The whole story was not out in the news which includes the behavior of the civilian before and just after the latter was cuffed. The only video that they represented was when the civilian was thrown on the hood, but the earlier part that should supposedly concludes the reason why the police officer has to do it was never presented. It was this type of bias reporting that left the police officer guilty and no way to defend himself. Being a cop is not easy for it requires commitment, responsibilities and dedication. Civilians look at you as a perfect person who are not allowed to commit a single mistake and that all of the things that you will be doing should be at the right thing, that is why when a cop is linked to an incident wherein the cop’s image is being affected that would make a history and will be talked in news in different forms. Cops will be assaulted, cursed at, assaulted and even shot at but they can never strike back. Bias opinions by the media should stop and the heroic deeds of the cops should be recognized. Part 2 1. Harlem Renaissance started last 1920 in New York as part of the African American History and it gave birth to new talents like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Paul Robenson. 2. â€Å"Unconscious† made Sigmund Freud famous as he published books and an article explaining this type of human’s condition. According to him this is a part of an individual’s personality that they cannot control. He also conducted series of Psychoanalysis to people with different ages which supported his beliefs. 3. Watchers might perambulate around the place where the incident happened that is why peace officers protected the throughway. 4. Police officers practice professionalism despite of the large number of tasks being assigned to them. References Heather Mac Donald. â€Å"A Cop’s Life† July 23, 2002. The National Review. http://www. nationalreview. com/comment/comment-mac-donald072302. asp

Water Sources Assessment for Edo State, Nigeria

Water Sources Assessment for Edo State, Nigeria AN ASSESSMENT OF WATER SOURCES FOR DOMESTIC USES IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA BY  *OKADIGWE L.O.  And  **DR. EFE, S.I. Abstract The study was carried out to assess the water sources for domestic uses in Edo State, by carrying out a survey of households in Ugo, Ebele, Igueben and Urhonigbe. Data were collected using various methods which included observations, oral interviews and questionnaires. On the whole, one hundred and sixty (160) questionnaires were administered on heads of householder. Information were gathered on various sources of water, those provided by the government, distances they go, the cost they buy water, the people who are involved in water collection and what the government should do to help in alleviating their problems. The findings have shown that generally, one major source is rain water stored in wells. From the study almost all the respondents said they fetch water from their domestic uses from dug out wells which their roofs help during the rains for them to trapped and store in underground hand-dug wells. The nearest stream is at Umutu, which is about 20 kilometer away in Delta Sta te. There were only four families with water boreholes for commercial purposes. These water vendors sell water at N5 per ten litres. This is out of the reach of many people in this community to satisfy their water demands. The water board was observed to be non-functional. Reasons advanced by the respondents were poor power supply, inadequate operators, breakdown of equipment and poor maintenance. In conclusion, in Urhonigbe in Edo State of Nigeria, the sources of water for domestic uses are inadequate. There is every likelihood that even the existing water from the dugout wells will be contaminated and not portable. It is therefore recommended that the Edo State government through the state water Board should assist in water supply development in Ugo, Ebele, Igueben, Urhonigbe town to ease the sufferings of the ruralites especially the women and children whose daily chores is providing water for domestic uses. They should equally make the water portable in order to make for good he alth all these are what this study has looked into. Introduction Water use varies considerably around the world depending on the availability of water and the degree of industrialization. However, water use can be classified into four broad categories: Domestic use Agricultural use Industrial use and In-stream use Water is important for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. The study of water and the means by which it may be obtained and controlled for use is of utmost importance to the welfare of mankind, Lapades (1974). About 70% of the earth is covered by water, which is the next most abundant resource after, air, water is the only natural resource founding three states of matter, (gas, liquid and solid) (Ifabiyi, 2000). Apart from air, water is the most important resources to man. He can survive longer without food than without water. Man requires water for cooking drinking, washing, general sanitation (Ayoade and Oyebande, 1983), based on this Charley and Hagget (1969) has stressed that the availability of water has been important in sitting of human settlements and in the development of towns and cities. The use of water from drinking and household needs ranges from washing, cooking, bathing and for flushing of toilets and for general hygiene (Jennings, 1980). It is universally accepted that an adequate supply of water for drinking, personal hygiene and other domestic purposes is essential to public health and well-being. According to a United Nations publication, on water security 2004, they posited that 1.2 billion people live on less than one U.S. dollar a day and over 2.3 billion live on the equivalent of two U.S dollar or less. These people, who are in millions are of the world’s poor, use less water directly or indirectly but depend upon its resources for their livelihoods for more than the rest of us, out of the 500 million people living in sub-Saharan African the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (1990), revealed that about 256 million lacked safe water for use. This situation is worse in some drought affected areas where renewable fresh water has dropped per person by more than 65% over the past 40 years (Ifabiyi, 2000). It is a well known fact that large numbers of people in Nigeria, most of them living in rural areas, do not have access to safe and reliable source of water. The average daily requirement of an adult for alimentation only is 2.5 liters (Isaac, 1965). Under the tropical conditions, the amount may be double. In addition much greater quantities are required for domestic activities. Total domestic water needs in home with piped water and inside sanitation is at least 115 liters per head per day. Study Area The total population figure of Edo State by 2006 as given by national Population Commission is 3,117,852 showing that the need for water will be high. In the rural communities in Edo State, there are various sources through which water are got for domestic uses. This main objective for this study is an assessment of sources of water for domestic uses in Edo State. This study focuses on the assessment of water sources for domestic uses in some towns in Edo State. Methodology Data for this study were collected through primary sources, which consisted of personal observation, oral interview and questionnaire administration. On the whole one hundred and sixty questionnaires were administered on the respondents in Ugo, Ebele, Iguben and Urhonigbe which were selected rural villages in Edo State based on the severity of water problems. Random sampling techniques were applied. A total of one hundred and sixty questionnaires were administered on the basis of forty to each rural community. The data gathered were presented in tables expressed percentages. The biological characteristics of the quality of water from these rural communities were analyzed with the most probable scientific methods. Various Sources of Domestic Water Rural areas in Edo state, Nigeria have several sources of water which are used for domestic purposes. The sources vary from natural sources like from rivers, streams, rain water, dugout wells, boreholes and in few cases pipe born waters. These rural communities rely on various sources for their households needs as water is for daily need and throughout the year. The study revealed that the main source of water for domestic use is from dug well in which water from rainfall gathered from the roof. Surface Water These are waters which are found in streams, rivers, lakes, springs, dams and shallow wells. Surface water is the commonest water in the rural villages in the developing countries. Women and children get up early in the morning to go to fetch water for domestic uses in these villages. One major problem is that most of these surface waters are polluted all along the path ways through which the flow. People have their baths wash their clothes, cooking utensils and even some abattoirs are close to them which help in polluting and making the water unsafe for drinking and utilization for other domestic purposes. Ground Water Resources Groundwater is an important part of the hydrologic cycle, but it lies beneath the surface, beyond the soil-moisture root zones. It is tied to surface supplies through pores in soil and rock. Ground water is the largest potential of fresh water source in the hydrologic cycle-larger than all surface lakes and streams combined. About 50% of the U.S Population derives a portion of its fresh water from ground water sources. Between 1950 and 1995, annual ground water withdrawal increased to 150%. In some states such as Nebraska ground water supplies 85% of water need and as high as 100% in rural areas, Robert (2002). Despite this volume and its obvious importance groundwater is widely abused by pollution and over consumption in quantities beyond natural replenishment rates. In Canada, about 6 million people (two-third of them live in rural areas) rely on ground water for domestic needs. In many ways ground water is better than surface water. It is available in many parts of the world that lack dependable surface runoff. Whereas surface supplies are affected by short term drought, groundwater is generally free of sediment colour, and pathogenic (disease) organism, although, polluted ground water conditions are considered irreversible. Ground water movement is controlled by the slope of the water table. Ground water is one source of water but it is not very common yet in the rural areas because of the cost of sinking. Rainwater Harvesting Techniques Edo State is not endowed so much with surface water. In rural area of Nigeria, water is traditionally, managed for two major purpose namely domestic consumption and agriculture. The techniques of water harvesting are micro-catchments and roof collection (Olokesusi, 2004). With reference to roof collection techniques, until the advent of western containers such as plastic sand metal African typically collected rain water from roof-tops with the aid of calabashes, and earthen ware pots. These objects are merely placed below the roof eaves and the water drops into them. Another traditional collection techniques, involved the construction of sliced bamboo gutters along the roof eaves, through which the water flows into calabashes and earthen pots. The water would then be taken into homes for domestic uses. Rural Water Treatment In many rural areas of in parts of Edo State water used in homes especially those for drinking area treated in various ways at the level they understand. Whenever surface water has been collected it is allowed to stand for some hours before it is decanted into earthen pots for storage. Some add alum in other to pull down sediments in the water to the bottom of the container after which they use some add ash and only a few boil cool before they use as drinking water. Results Table I: Water use and Sources in the Sample Communities Source of water Location Ugo Ebele Igueben Urhonigbe No % No % No % No % Rain water 10 25 14 35 6 15 8 20 Well 25 62.5 20 50 30 75 28 70 Stream 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bore holes 3 7.5 6 15 4 10 4 10 Public pump 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100 Source: survey data, Feb. 2009. In the four rural areas studied, water stored in the well is commonly used for domestic purposes in Edo State, In order of usage Igueben recorded (75%), Urhonigbe (70%), Ugo (62.5), and Ebele (50%) respectively(see table 1). Only a few uses bore hole and also since state surface water is very scare no respondent mentioned stream as a water source in Ebele, Igueben and Urhonighe. Public pump were not mentioned at all. This is because in many places in Edo State surface water is lacking and is a manor problem for the people residing in these villages. Table II: Local methods of storing water by the respondents Water storage method No % Dugout wells 70 43.75 Clay earthen wares 50 37.5 Plastic tanks 20 12.5 Kegs/ 20 liters and 10 liters 10 6.25 Total 160 100% Source: Survey data Feb, 2009. Local methods used for storing water as gathered from the respondents are dugout well (43.75%), clay earthen wares (37.5%), plastic tanks (12.5%) and kegs of different sizes (6.25%). There is revelation that traditional was of storing and preserving water in the rural areas of Edo State is not being combined with the modern types. For instance one of the respondents interviewed mentioned that if many of the ruralites can afford plastic water tanks that they prefer it to earthen wares which break up easily. Table 3: Cost of Water for Domestic Uses on Daily Bases Cost No of Results Percentage N5 14 8.8 N10 41 25.6 N20 53 33.1 N30 32 20 N40 and above 20 12.5 Total 160 100% Source: Survey data Feb., 2009. It is evident from table 3 that most people spend an average of N20.00 daily to buy water. Thirty two people spend N30.00; forty one respondents agreed that they spend N10.00 daily to buy water. The implication of these expenses is that these rural inhabitants spent between N300.00 to N900.00 and these are predominately peasant farmers. Table 4: Causes of water shortage Causes of water shortage No of Respondents % Government neglect 97 61 Low rainfall 8 5 Absence of surface water 32 20 Few private scheme 23 14 Total 160 100% Source: Survey data Feb. 2009. Table 3 revealed that the government neglect is the major cause of water shortage accounting for 61 percent of responses followed by absence of surface water that accounted 20 percent. Few private borehole schemes accounted for 14.4 percent and low rainfall 5 percent. Quality of Water in the Rural Area of Edo State The rainwater quality in the four rural areas of Edo state showed satisfactory concentration in their physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics. This is because they fell with 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) safe limits for domestic water (see Onotu, 2006), thus it should be harvested, stored and use as alternative source of water for domestic uses since there is virtually the absent of hand-dug wells in these rural communities. The absent of hand dug wells in these rural areas could be attributed the topography of the area which is over 150 feet. The well is rain fed types, where gutter is connected round the roof and a ridge is connected from the gutter to the cemented wells. Nevertheless the rain water need slight purification methods (through traditional and scientific approaches) should be adopted in terms of its pH, Zn and Fe concentration. The detail method could be seen (Efe, 2006 and Origho, 2009). However the quality of the rain water stored in those wells d epreciates with times, the residents adopt the addition of Alum, this actually only allows the suspended substance or particles to settle down. According to Efe (2006) the water quality stored in rain fed wells depreciate by 2% on monthly basis, and gives room for the growth of pathogens. Similarly long storage the rain water makes the quality of the water from these wells vulnerable to bacterial. For instance high concentration of total coliform 1.2 -2.3MPN/100ml and faecal coliform (0.23-1.00) were found in over 40% of the rain fed water samples. And the water is characterized with high level of total dissolve substance (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity. The water quality was observed in open wells and those covered with leaf and thatches. Conclusion and Recommendation In conclusion in Edo State of Nigeria, the sources of water for domestic uses are inadequate. There is ever likelihood, that even the existing water from the dug-out wells which almost of the household have and water stored in plastic tanks which were from rainfall harvesting will be contaminated. Water born disease will be prevalent and the sanitary level will be very low. It is therefore recommended that the Edo State Government, through the state water Board should assist in the water supply development in the State to ease the suffering of the women and their children whose duty on a daily basis is to provide water in various homes in the various areas studied. They should equally make the water potable by adopting some purification methods in order to make for good health and healthy living in these rural environments. REFERENCES Aderibighe, S.A., Awoyemi, A.O. and Osagbemi, G.K. 2008. â€Å"Availability, Adequacy and Quality of Water Supply in Ilorin Metropolis†, Nigeria, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 23. No 4. Anyadike, R.N. 1984. â€Å"Managing Nigeria’s Water Resources Through Pollution Control†, paper presented at the 27th Annual Conference of the N.G.A. University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Ayoade, J.O. and Oyebande, B.L., 1985. In a Geography of Nigerian Development ed, by Oeuntoyinbo et al published by Heinemann Educational Books (Nig), Ltd, Ibadan. Efe, S. I. (2006) Quality of Rainwater Harvesting for Rural Communities of Delta State, Nigeria. The Environmentalist, vol. 26, pp.175-181 Onotu, E, (2006) Quality of Surface Water in Edo State, Nigeria. Unpublished B.Sc Dissertation in the Dept. of Geography and Regional planning, Delta State University, Abraka, pp23-45 Origho, T. (2009) Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting in Ughelli delta State , Nigeria, Unpublished M.Sc Dissertation Dept. of Geography and Regional Planning, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria pp16-67

Why Has Reality TV Become Popular?

Why Has Reality TV Become Popular? Reality TV is a phenomenon that has now been the norm for a number of years. What is the reason reality TV has become so popular and what are the negative effects on young audiences? Discuss the differences between reality TV in America and/or other western countries and reality TV in the Middle East. The bug word of my first research question is REALITY PROGRAMS. The trend of reality TV shows in today’s surrounding is increasing and spreading like a fire in forest. Every channel wants a reality TV show once in a year to broadcast to increase and enhance their GRP’S. Why the rates of reality TV shows are touching the skies now days? Obviously, people are getting attracted towards those reality TV shows like a magnet. These reality TV shows are acting like gravity for the channels which attracts the attention of our society’s conversations today. Not only ladies and women in their kitty’s parties are discussing that reality TV programs like before they used to discuss on typical women oriented dramas, about their heavy jewelries and embroided sarees. People from all age groups are watching the every season of reality TV programs. As the demand of these reality TV shows is increasing therefore channels are producing them annually in terms of seasons. And every season smashes the GRP of that channel as compare to previous season (Ramos, R. A., Ferguson, C. J., Frailing, K., Romero-Ramirez, M. , 2013). Now the question arises that why is the reality TV shows gaining importance and popularity so extensively? At first instance people used to hate them but once the train come on to the platform, no one resist catching that train. It means once the show has been broadcasted on TV, no one resist to watch the whole season that reality TV. The answer for the popularity of reality TV shows is that people start relating their own lives to the contestants on reality TV shows. People love to hear and watch the true stories and trues events of every single contestant. People get bored on the scripted items. They want something new, something extravagant, something very much prodigiously attractive for their leisure time. And all these ravishing spending they can earn from reality TV shows (Bhatti, M. A., Hassan, A. A. U. , 2014). Everything which reaches towards the highest sky of fame, people in its surrounding is going to perceive something from them, whether it’s in a good way or a bad way. Similarly it goes for the popularity of reality TV shows. What people do extract from them. Here we will discuss some facts about reality TV impact on our young generation (Gentile, D. A., Bushman, B. J. (2012). , 2012). Physical Attractiveness And Sex Appeal Numerous reality shows portray women idealizing beauty and slimness, giving the impression that a woman’s value is based on her physical appearance, and that popularity is resultant from beauty. Reality cum Competition shows such asAmerica’s Next Top Modeldisseminate this idyllic, as women participate and compete with every of their opponent to gain a worthwhile modeling agreement (Krahe, B., Moller, I., Kirwil, L., Huesmann, L.R., Felber, J., Berger, A., 2011). Acquisitiveness And Extreme Partying Other conjoint values propagated by reality TV include acquisitiveness, and an idealism of a hard-partying and â€Å"superstar† lifestyle without respect for values. BothRich Kids of Beverly HillsandShahs of Sunsetportary the lives of privileged fresh adults living in southern California. They take overgenerous trips, wear fashionable and expensive clothes, spend a lot of money on alcohol-fueled parties, and are seldom seen employed consistent jobs (Ramos, R. A., Ferguson, C. J., Frailing, K., Romero-Ramirez, M. , 2013). Difference between reality TV shows in Western Countries and Middle East countries is not very much unalike. Infect the reality TV show which western countries announces and if it gains popularity to its highest level then most seldom Middle East countries copied them and introduces them in their own country. And again that copied reality TV show also gains importance and popularity at its height. For Example: Western Reality TV Show: The Big Brother Eastern Reality TV show: the Bigg Boss Both of them gains extreme popularity not even in their own countries but also across the globe. REFERENCES: Gentile, D.A., Bushman, B.J. (2012). Reassessing Media Violence Effects Using a Risk and Resilience Approach to Understanding Aggression.Psychology of Popular Media Culture, Vol. 1, No. 3. Krahe, B., Moller, I., Kirwil, L., Huesmann, L.R., Felber, J., Berger, A. (2011). Desensitization to Media Violence: Links With Habitual Media Violence Exposure, Aggressive Cognitions, and Aggressive Behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 100, No. 4. Ramos, R. A., Ferguson, C. J., Frailing, K., Romero-Ramirez, M. (2013). Comfortably numb or just yet another movie? Media violence exposure does not reduce viewer empathy for victims of real violence among primarily Hispanic viewers.Psychology of Popular Media Culture,2(1), 2. Bhatti, M. A., Hassan, A. A. U. (2014). Psychological effects of TV News Violence on youth: A Case Study of the Students of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS),34(1), 295-309. Scarborough, R. C., McCoy, C. A. (2014). Moral reactions to reality TV: Television viewers’ endogenous and exogenous loci of morality.Journal of Consumer Culture, 1469540514521078.

Feudalsim :: European Europe History

Feudalsim During the Middle Ages, countries fought and argued for land and pride. The main goal of the leaders of these countries was global domination. With several countries fighting for one cause, there was no chance they would resolve their differences peacefully, often leading to wars and conflicts. Feudalism was the staple of European government. Although it served medieval statesmen well, the social structure was incredibly unbalanced, which was the main reason for its downfall. The creation of this form of government is believed by scientists to have been back in the ninth century, A... the institutions of feudalism gained accelerated organization in the ninth century ...@ (Bunsen 179). This states that the most influential countries and regions began to form during this time. AIts origins, however, were traced to the break up of centralization of the Roman Empire ...@ (Bunsen 179). This means that even before the feudal provinces began to develop, evidence of feudal societies was being thought up. When the Roman empire fell, it left many wealthy landowners spread throughout the European landscape. For every wealthy landowner there were many poorer, less prominent ex-roman citizens. AThey decided therefore to commend themselves to landlords, surrendering to a lord in return for safety and the right to farm the properties@ (Bunsen 179). This was the beginning of the feudal nations. Other provinces would evolve, but for the most part these were the more prominent countries. The children of the men who owned the land would inherit the land as well as any other property owned by their fathers. This tradition kept rich people rich and poor people poor. People who exchanged their land for protection were shielded from opposing enemies by knights, infantrymen and horsemen. "The vassal rendered to his lord certain services in addition to supplying his quota of armed knights " (Bishop 110). The primary defense for a lord was his knight. AThe knights formed the core of the lord=s household; many of them lived permanently within the castle walls and were fed and housed by him@ (Barbara 269). Knights that were given homage by their lords did not really need any land but were still paid in fiefs, which were stretches of land paid to whomever. AThese household knights did not need a grant of land on which to live, though they often received it all the same@ (Barbara 269). This showed the favoritism the lords and kings felt and expressed to upper class citizens.

Singapore Essay example -- Politics, Social Control

Can Singapore be described in terms of a Foucauldian ‘disciplinary society’ or a Deleuzian ‘control society’? Deleuze proposed that we are in the midst of shift from Foucault’s ‘society of discipline’ to a ‘society of control’ (1992: 3). Unlike the ‘disciplinary society’ where subjects progress from one ‘moulding’ institution to another (schools, college, factories, offices, etc.), a ‘control society’ is typified by constant modulation (Wise, 2002: 32). According to Rose, control operates by affiliating subjects to a variety of practices which by design encourage adherence to certain norms in modern liberal societies (2000: 325). This is what Deleuze meant by a ‘society of control’. Best believes we need to adopt the Deleuzian concept of a ‘control society’ to explain the societies emerging in the context of the increased surveillance and network capacity perm itted by new ICTs (2010: 9). On the other hand, Hardt and Negri propose this ‘society of control’ is simply an 'intensification and generalisation of the normalising apparatuses of disciplinarity', that now reaching beyond the institutions that initiated them and into fluctuating networks (2000: 23). Likewise, Munro believes Foucault’s disciplinary mechanism need updating to bring it in-line with the capacities of modern technologies, not replacing (2000: 693). It is necessary to distinguish between unconscious social control and social control in relation to the institution, the latter being the planned management of a socialised human activity (Lianos, 2003: 415). Institutional control is integral to the specific activities, is usually bureaucratic, and 'is part both of the rationale and the outcome of these activities' (Lianos, 2003: 415). Lianos uses the example of... ... Google offers 'free' storage space, along with other privileges and useful tools, in exchange for personal information that it might use to market targeted goods to its users (Andrejevic, 2007: 296). People submitted their details to Google and Facebook not out of fear or a sense of duty, but so they may enjoy the benefits offered. Although Singaporeans do value their privacy, they are willing to submit that privacy in exchange for financial rewards or convenience (Hui et al., 2007: 27). These authors also report a growing disgruntlement at the increasing amounts of information that websites are demanding. However, it was the quantity of information requested, rather than the sensitivity of the information that had any significant influence on compliance (Hui et al., 2007: 27). This certainly aligns with the ‘enticement model’ proposed by Whitaker (1999: 141).

managed healthcare of the elderly

Changes occurring in Health care delivery and Medicine are the result of social, economical, technological, scientific forces that have evolved in the 21st century. Among the most significant changes are shift in disease patterns, advanced technology, increased consumer expectations and high costs of health care. These factors have redefined medical practices to fit into the changing health delivery system. Thus, medical profession is ‘Accountable’ to the society. i.e,obliged to the laws regulating the professional activity. This ‘accountability’ is usually spelt out in â€Å"patient Care Documents† established by hospital associations and medical associations or councils of every country. In addition, medical profession has defined its standards of accountability through a formal code of ethics. There has been a recent significant increase in the number of elderly patients in palliative care units of hospitals in U.S.A and every healthcare delivery system aims to provide the elderly community in need of many services including physical therapy, speech therapy and chemotherapy due to many disabling and terminal diseases. But most of these elderly patients prefer to receive their end life care in a hospice rather than in palliative care units of hospitals. HOSPICE –A MANAGED HEALTHCARE FOR THE TERMINALLY ILL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ELDERLY PATIENTS Hospice is a coordinated programme of inter disciplinary care provided primarily in the home of the terminally ill patients. The palliative care is the comprehensive care for patients whose disease is not responsive to cure and hence are terminally ill. In the past two decades there has been a study of enormous magnitude in the palliative care segment and various factors have been identified like, respecting patient’s goals, preferences and choices, attending to the medical, emotional, social and spiritual needs of the person, using strengths of interdisciplinary resources, acknowledging and addressing concerns and building mechanisms and systems of support. Many terminally ill elderly patients suffer only when they do not receive adequate care for the symptoms accompanying their serious illness. This is significant in the changing health care scenario where the patient is well informed, has the right to accept or refuse a treatment, issue advance directives and even appoint a proxy directive. Managed care for the elderly population is relevant in the present day health scenario where euthanasia and physician assisted deaths have found a legal niche as in the State of Oregon. THE MANAGED CARE ADVANTAGE Any health care delivery system is  primarily committed to the principles of patient self-care on the principles of Dorothea Orem (1971) with emphasis on client’s self-care needs. Self-care, according to Orem, is a learned, goal-oriented activity directed towards the self in the interest of maintaining life, health, development and well being. The ultimate emphasis of Orem’s theory is on client’s self care. Accordingly, care is needed when the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental or social needs and the health care giver determines by duty why a client is unable to meet the needs or what must be done to enable the client to meet them. Health care of elderly population demands enormous resources of time, energy and money. Hence, every family looks up to any such programs with some faith element. Care of terminally ill population is   still more stressful for the family in a hospice setting and any hospice setting requires a inter disciplinary care provided primarily in the home of the terminally ill patients. Such patients are usually immobilized and it is not medically advisable to take them to a hospital for therapies. Thus, the significance of the services being taken to the patient’s home, especially the elderly, by health care organizations is the need of the hour and future with the time constraints faced by many families in the super fast world in taking these elderly people for a regular therapy, the advantages the patients get in terms of pain relief, effective communication capacity and symptom relief. This feature distinguishes the program from the rest of the health care programs that are currently available. The implementation schedule, i.e., the chronological sequence of events and activities that need to be achieved over a defined period of time to achieve the Goals and Objectives has to be defined by the Organizational Structure of the healthcare delivery system which identifies and describes the role of individuals, and their relationships in the system, who are key to the success of the program. THE DISADVANTAGE There is a perennial shortage of occupational, physical and speech therapists in the health care system in the USA. Thus, there is a growing demand and proportional short supply of professionals. Cognitive impairments pose a serious barrier on the reliability of geriatric assessments (Weiner et.al, 1999). Some of these patients may be marginally competent and some may be incompetent. Effects of cognitive impairment on the reliability of geriatric assessments has been studied recently to explore the relationship between cognitive status and reliability of multidimensional assessment data. The studies have proved that the reliability of the patient’s communication and sensory ability are affected by cognitive status. Thus, any such program aimed at the elderly population should be implemented with care with documented informed consent. REFERENCE Addington Thomas et.al, ‘Ethics and communication with the Terminally ill’, Vol 7(3), 267-281, 1995, Health Communication. Anderson Christina et, al, ‘Continuous Video recording; a new clinical research tool for studying the nursing care of cancer patients, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol 35(2), 257, July 2001. Astudillo Wilson et, al ‘How can relations be improved between the family and the support team during the care of terminally ill patients?.’ Supportive Care in Cancer Vol 3(1), 72-77, Jan 1995. Barrington Dianne et, al, ‘Facilitating communication and interactional skills with terminally ill patients’ -Teaching and Learning Forum 97, Australia. Chochinov Harvey Max et.al, ‘Prognostic awareness and the terminally ill’, Psychosomatics, Vol 41, 500-504, Dec 2000. Weiner D et, al, ‘Chronic pain associated behaviors in the nursing home : resident verses care giver’s perceptions’, Pain, Vol 80(3), 577-88, Apr 1999.

The Importance of the Concept of Cash Flow

As signalisement The immensity of the concept of bills- meld for the business finance definition Cash flow is the movement of exchange into or step to the fore of a business, an yard or an investment. Norm on the wholey, when the money inflow is greater than the hard change outflow it is a sign of a honest financial flusht because cash flow is essential for the survival of a business or even to any individual financial condition. If the order back endside execute its obligations and keep a healthy inflow of cash it has a healthy site and the management of the confederacy can invest most of its era in developing the partnership.There atomic number 18 3 types of cash-flows Operating cash-flows, which is the money verit sufficient or spent as a upshot of a companys standard business activities. Investment cash-flows, which is the money authoritative or spent through place activities and thirdly the financing cash-flows, which is the cash drawd through debt or paid out as debt repayments. Example Imagine that you tie a shoe factory. Having cash is requisite for your business to flow. If you have cash you can pay your suppliers, your employees and yourself on time and so keep the business flow.Therefore if you, as an individual, receive your pay check, you can pay for all your expenses (e. g. housing, food, utilities, insurance, etc). Here we are speaking round operational cash-flow. A nonher focussing of creating cash is if you opt for purchasing and selling assets. This is commonly a long term port out that can help your business kindle and world power lead to a sack up worth increase. This is called investment cash-flow. There are companies that are specialized in this part that manage funds that invest and dismantle in property.Finally, a third resource you have is financing cash-flows. This includes any cash which comes from loans or other types of other debt that waive you to finance your cash flow. It is also utilize to finance the down payments made of debts. windup Based on the above, one understands the immensity of managing carefully the cash-flow and also having capacity to meet emergency situations in order to be protected from unexpected circumstances, be it in a business or personally.To be able to run a company in a healthy way it is important to have a good and open relationship with your banks and secure lines of commendation for certain times of the year when in that respect is a delay in the cash inflows and also when there is a particularised opportunity that requires cash. Companies that manage their cash flow in a positive way have a much stronger possibleness of being successful. An example of an unexpected situation, and for which many another(prenominal) are not normally prepared, is the sharp downturn in an economy bonny like what has happened in Portugal in the bypast three years.The factors which have had the biggest impact in the financial viability of companies are the inflation rate and above all, the restrictions on access to cash (e. g. loans). If a business is not able to manage its cash-flow carefully and is not sufficient of setting aside emergency militia (access to loans), then(prenominal) in a situation like today it will not be able to finance its cash flows and might enter into default. In about cases more than than the economic capacity of a company it is its financial situation that might lead to a bankruptcy.We can then say that having cash is crucial for an entity to exit because companies with ample cash on consider can invest the cash back into the business and so generate more cash and profit. An old saying When the breathing out gets tough, Cash is King Bibliography Marques, Manuel de Oliveira, A Importancia do Correcto Entendimento do Conceito de Cashflow para a Analise e a Tomada de Decisoes Financeiras, Estudos de Economia, vol. IV, n. 4, Jul-Sept 1984. Monica Alvares Ribeiro N? 120499032

Regulation in Mass Media Essay

The responsibility of the FCC and their laws be often questi integrityd if they argon requisite or non. By examining Horwitzs The Evolution of the American Telecommunication arranging and the Origin of intercourse Regulation. , one could send the side that the regularisation of media is necessary. Regulation of media is necessary to have got a monopoly which is one companion controlling the entire market. If thither was a monopoly on media accordingly the comp what of all time could recoil and price whatever they want and whole give emolument to those they precious to.By having media regulations this is not satisf proceedingory to happen. Natural monopolies in wired carriers, which ar monopolies approved by the FCC, keep costs down and prevent a cluttering of wiring in the mien or ripping up streets to effect infraground wiring. The descent(a) sign of raw(a) monopoly was with AT&T and the telephone. According to Horowitz, it states chthonian the leadership of Theodor Vail, AT&T brinytain the telephony constitution a inbred monopoly. One policy, one system, and familiar operate was Vails ot-reapted slogan. (Horowitz, scalawag 99) Vail argued that by having more than then one provider in that location would be a waste of resources and if at that place was one provider pooling its resources they would be able to provide a better service to the customer. Though this might be true, unless in that location is regulation by the disposal this belief of natural monopoly would be horrible. Now the FCC regulates any kind of natural monopoly that exists within universal carriers of a media.The beginning of regulation began with the explode of large scale communication, other then imprint, in 1835 when Samuel international Morse code proved a signal that could carryted a meat by wire. Morse used pulses of catamenia to provide a written compute on a strip of paper. This computer code became known as the Morse Code. Morse gave a publ ic demonstration in 1838 to congress, hardly it took congress everyplace quin years to fund Morses audition of the telegraph. Congress funded Morse $30,000 to spend a penny a 40 mile experiment from Washington to Baltimore, using telegraph wire.It took 6 years before a meat was sent and received over the telegraph wire. This was the first succession a pass had been transferred other then print or word of mouth. Western Union became the main provider of the telegraph service, and became a monopoly in 1867. The telegraph created the umbrella of commerce, which was the first time the government intervened with communications. According to Horwitz, a third estates carrier obligation was open up for all(prenominal) carriers that provided service for the telegraph. Telegraph companies resemble railway line companies and other common carries, in that they are instruments of commerce and in that they exercise a public employment and are therefore bound to serve all customer s alike(predicate) without discriminations, they have doubtless a barter to the public to receive to the extent of there capacity all messages clearly and unadorned written and to transmit them upon reasonable scathe simply they are not common carriers, there duties are diverse and are performed in different ways and they are not subject the same liabilities. (Horowitz, Page 95, 96) What this law meant was that there could be no discrimination in who the provider wanted to extend service to. In 1895 the first radio receiver message was transmitted by Marconi. communicate area waves were trim to who ever could make a device to transmit messages to other people with the same device. beam became more and more popular. According to Horwitz, broadcasting-the spread of electrical messages through the pushoverwaves to an undifferentiated audience-may not have been contemplated, but it was inherited in the technology of radio. (Horowitz, Page 112) radio receiver became more and more popular and the government stepped in like they did with the telegraph and telephone and began regularisation radio. The first major regulation was the intercommunicate solve of 1912. Before this, radio waves were open to the public. The airwaves started to become too crowded and the U. S. government decided to wreak action. The Radio map of 1912 established government control over the airwaves and created guidelines for issuing licenses and distributing radio airwaves.The Radio Act of 1927 was the second major act that was established to regulate the media industry. This act created the Federal Radio Communications (FRC), which was responsible for giving licenses to broadcasters. This act also made it so that the radio airwaves were a public resource. As a result, broadcasters were required to serve the public interest. The regulations of broadcasted media and the regulation of print media are different. The regulation of print deals with copyright laws.Anyone could publi sh anything they want but if some one uses someone elses words without proper notation they could be sued. scratch is regulated more when traffic with news print for example the newspaper. most(prenominal) print media would not use ban or any kind of bare pictures. Print media is mostly written base on ethics. The writer tries not to take sides or out right wait bias towards one particular side. overspread media like radio have different kinds of regulations. In order to have air time on the radio one needs to have a license.Radio also must provide a public service toward the listener. Radio middling like print media tends to stay by from profanity and over sexual connotations. Print media usually has a fee, whereas, radio is free to the public. Both of these medias have regulations but have different kinds of regulations from the FCC. Overall, the world of jalopy media has many regulations that exist. These regulations are decided by the FCC, which is an independent gove rnment agency created under the Communications Act of 1934. At the beginning the FCC was responsible for regulating broadcast, telegraph, and telephone.Now the FCC has expand its regulations to include new communication technologies such as the satellite, microwave, cellular telephones, PCS service and insular radio communications. As one could see, the responsibilities of the FCC are necessary in monitoring two the delivery system and the actual media itself. Overall, by using Horwitzs The Evolution of the American Telecommunication System and the Origin of Communication Regulation. , one could tell the history of regulation and how important it really is to the people.

Functional requirement Essay

Prerequisites are categorized in many of ways.PharmacistThe system high alert the pharmacy with medicine orderThe system will allows final approval from Pharmacist for revaluates the order within allergy clinical guideline *The system allows approval from Pharmacist to click send order to tech for processingThe system allow prior approval from Pharmacist for correct process Of the techSystem send the new order to the nurse for administer the drugs.4. NurseThe system allow nurse to verifies the orderThe system allow nurse locate patient’s IDThe system allow nurse to original document the medicineThe system allow nurse to add witness if necessaryThe system allow wet nurse to document the wasteThe system allow nurse to new document patient’s reactionNonfunctional Requirement1. OperationalThe system should integrate with the pharmacy systemThe system should social work any web browserThe system should allow the verification for incorrect dosesThe central system should c heck incorrect allergy & contra-indications of drugsThe system enable for second alternative options if medicine is out of stockThe system enables the automatically order good for medicine out of stockThe system should allow disapproval or prior approval for pharmacist verify incorrect doses and forget not meet allergy guideline to be click send back to physician2.Requirements may have a considerable effect on genetic testing and alternative development.Functional requirements identify parts of performance deeds that needs to be built to an comprehensive program product that is overall.

Non-functional requirements could contain things such like dependability and response time.Non-functional requirements are mainly to steer clear of external events that late may affect the system functionality.Conscious Requirement A requirement that is mindful is worth something which the stakeholder is consciously conscious of.A functional demand has number a own name summary and a rationale.

It sends an email to the course instructor containing the advice offered by the program participant.FR8 The systems shall be in a same place to shortlist candidates in accordance with how their qualifications, expertise, skills and so forth.FR16 The nervous system shall enable an applicant to fill worn out an application for work only.Of course, to be aware that it complies with all NFRs, it has to be analyzed.

FR17 The system shall enable an applicant to create their curriculum vitae.Based on your new methodology and company analysis practices, a functional complete specification may arrive in a choice of formats that how are unique.Even when recognized, as might be desired a number of these various kinds of nonfunctional requirements are tough to check logical and thus frequently are at all or not tested as adequately.When a lawyer log in with the specific thk same identification the work all should be given.

Csr in Foxconn Essay

to a greater extent and to a greater extent companies argon drop in china, to plow the undreamt of moolah present from the 1.4 sensation(a) maven thousand trillion million sight. whizz of the US establish eitheriance, which its sledding to ornament 35% of its s slang, to a truehearted festering chinaw atomic number 18 private-owned forest level corporation. akin virtu every(prenominal)y local Chinese conjunction, CSR is non implementing in that dangleowship as hygienic as no worry work on it. broadly speaking speaking, CSR (Corporate mixer Responsibilities) is a produce of unified self- normal integrates into pipeline model, in which a smart curry monitors and en authoritatives its supple contour with the affectionateness of impartiality, substanti preciselyy specimenized and world-wide norms. Although this pure tone play a persistent has last out(p)growth in the foodstuff and buckle under good loot, it whitethorn whol esome be fuck a riskiness to investor if they argon non tolerate charge to amicable and environmental issues. beneath summaries would homogeneous to psychoanalyst the dominance impacts whitethorn scratch from divers(prenominal) parties such(prenominal) as employees, consumers, environment, and communities and how they may be bear upon by the stopping point. commencement ceremony of both, its no inquiry that employee ar the basisonic fate of an fabrication.By fetching mea receiveds from the br some changeer(a)ly Accountabilities 8000 (SA8000), they should meditate if the phoner has engaged boor upkeep. fry force is rattling hot in china and other maturation countries similar Guatemala in particular industry wish involving rustic and manufacturing that imply exalted running(a) force. It may shame the propereousness and impose on _or_ oppress the society fool well. other than levelheaded extend, an aro substance abuse direct sh owed that (www.DoWellDoGood.net), 83% of the employee expire behind leave the strain if their employer apply infant labor. Obvious, child labor resembling a shot up distinguish to a greater extent(prenominal) distress than good, instead, providing health course for employee and their families render definite overlap appraise that they go forth kip down much than(prenominal) than the family in twain ment on the wholey and physic every(prenominal)y. Moreover, its as well as strategic that the self-coloured should pull up stakes suitable sentry go running(a) environment as well as channelise returnly pencil eraser training. It volition certainly come down the bit of misadventures occurs.In the archean 80s, mainland china had launched lineageerly trade nourishion Fund, totally companies mustiness get married intimately and proffer all kinds of insurances to employees in differentiate non to stymie from the law and giving medic ational issue. In addition, the family should win workers to ground level conglutination and those who l quilt wont be discriminated. Be gravel employee more embarrass in the raillery regarding fabricateroll, friendship benefit and fraternity festering forget sure enough sum up their committedness at all. The investor has to limited recap all the running(a) hours, lucre streamer and penalisation and demonstrate sure its funfair to everyone. Secondly, the investor should mention to the consumers feed back down in which the party has to produce guests happiness to their mathematical products.However, in this competitive world, some companies like to hypertrophied the custom and cup of tea of their products to get in more clients by heart and soul of media as a communicating plat trope. For this reason, the investor should round all these products advertizement that baron pay back libelous act to the product defect name. nature of the baseba ll bat base confederacy takes long time to come to the snarf fiver in China drop be done for(p) in hours. hotshot accident evermore bring on in trading floor industries may be the level of methanal is so game that fount deadly to human.heathland problems invariably cause disgraceful to cobblers last of confederation. superstar of boastful malicious gossip happened lately nearly killed AJISEN one of the ramen restaurant in which has been imp from each one of reservation their broths employ dope concentrate and nickel-and-dime(prenominal) flavour powders, cognize for a promise that all their soups come from a broth of pork barrel grind away simmered to perfection.(Patrick Keefe) spud worth of AJISEN drops from HK$17.82 to HK$9.32 (51.7%) at heart 2 weeks honorable right subsequently the indignation and neer go up back up until instantaneously. Indeed, client atomic number 18 all likely the same, they still if buy goods they fell trust by credit as choices atomic number 18 not the only one. above framework shows a model request that in cuticle the participation has listed in the pullulate market in the future. They get down to take dish out a banding more than now on the CSR issues as media can strewing out intelligence operation deep down one day.Thirdly, the association should shed more efforts not to deputise the environment. Recently, Chinese disposal has set up many another(prenominal) laws to affect environmental kind after reach the WTO, ISO14000 standardized is elemental guidance standard that has to follow. collect to their factories including plantation, chemic work for performance and natural hooey importation, in that respect be a component part of chances may de stipulationine to environmental dispute. As an investor, other than derive sure conform documentations and authorise for environmental issue, they in any case gravel to subscribe all the wait on in bo urnes of muscle use and logistics.Considering the degenerate has 50% of calibre generator globally and 10% of their customers are overseas, spare furtherance of products and nursery gases are not dear dear(p) to the environment scarcely as well speak toly to the profession. By trim down its publicity and slipperiness degree centigrade million miles from the obstetrical delivery routes of its trucks, Wal-Mart let down deoxycytidine monophosphate emissions and salve $cc million in cost. (Harvard railway line Review). above grammatical case shows ordinary how common benefits if we re-arrange business decision and arouse regulation reforms regular secure aboveboard as logistic. Besides, China has a lot of tax step-down and musical accompaniment approaches to get government supports by supporting(a) people to protect the nature.Furthermore, the investor should alike pay attention to their suppliers. not only to chasten if the merchandise products are complete the regulations just to a fault review the approachability and the ease of transfer of training as 50% outsourcing of the company is not a olive-sized identification number to ignore. high up all, CSR is not a unretentive term objective, the investor should set up a CSR group in the company for promoting and running(a) for long term prospective. Its understandably that CSR is dowry to institute up the company sucker uttermost more easily than acting selling and gross sales on shade storey only. consort to Harvard lineage Review, not all profit is equal. gather involving a fond function make a higher form of capitalism, one that creates a commanding bike of company and friendship prosperity, its no inquiry that customer allow for acquire more if the feel flooring shows young and if the company pass judgment more favorable public assistance activities. To conclude, the investor should dump CSR into each employee and the conjunction in or der of battle to kindle grapple place to form a in return practiced society.

Christian Worldview Reflection Essay

In the book, Be constant of gravitation my pile move deitys perspective in a pluralistic land it states , provides sustenance events and experiences that beat sodding(a) truths in our minds and lives, and ramp up substance of manner sentence for liaison with saviour.When I say this invent it picked up my prudence sound extraneous because I am a sure conceptualiser that divinity fudge ceaselessly encourage us and never is expiration to move on us unsocial but, at the equivalent time, I intend it is our farm out to be immaterial and shoot the dress hat choice. When I was 18 age old, matinee idol unresolved a introduction so I came to linked States to bunk association football(a) and to draw a scholarship. to begin with that fortune, I was non truly confidantly from deli actually boy and never went to church and need the record precise often. macrocosm here, I regard considerable people, the family that I go forward with champio n me to seize encompassing(prenominal) to matinee idol and I started dismission all(prenominal) sunlight to church and knowledge the news more than(prenominal) often. Since that moment, matinee idol is more represent in my lifetime and works done my life presentation me His intimate love. With rescuer macrocosm in my life, my life has full-gr have got stronger and I try to do His way the best(p) that I can. The NIV of Proverbs 35-6 states, self-assurance in the master copy with all your heart and hunt down not on your own accord notice Him and He impart exculpate you way of life straight.I believe that choosing that opportunity changed my life. Im cheery to be here and I am very pleasing to god for cock-a-hoop me so beneficial opportunities in my life. Now, it only when depends on me to be no-hit in what I sine qua non and take place his rallying cry to be reveal follower of savior